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Hematology > CABS Coagulopathies > Flashcards

CABS Coagulopathies Flashcards

1
Q

CBC indices give information on what clinically?

A

Information about size, weight, hemoglobin concentration of the RBC’s - assists with classifying anemia

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2
Q

When do you transfuse a patient?

A

7

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3
Q

When do you transfuse someone with a cardiac condition?

A

8

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4
Q

What can cause thrombocytopenia?

A

Can result from severe infection and increased destruction or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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5
Q

At what level of platelets will spontaneous bleeding occur?

A

< 15,000 (<15)

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6
Q

How long does it take for a clot to form via the extrinsic and common pathway when exposed to tissue factor?

A

Normally 11-13 seconds

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7
Q

What is international normalized ratio (INR) measuring?

A

Ratio of the prothrombin time measured and a control prothrombin time

INR = (Patient PT/ Control PT)

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8
Q

What is INR typically used for?

A

Monitoring Warfarin

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9
Q

What are the PT and INR uses?

A

Unusual bleeding
Concern for DIC
Baseline prior to starting anticoagulation
Monitoring Warfarin
Monitoring liver function

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10
Q

What are the uses of PTT?

A

Unexplained bleeding
DIC
Baseline before coagulation
Monitoring unfractionated heparin

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11
Q

What are the uses of D-Dimer?

A

Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Tracking progress throughout a disease course (COVID)

Not specific

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12
Q

What is Virchow’s Triad?

A

Stasis, Hypercoagubility, and endothelial triad

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13
Q

What is a provoked clot?

A

You know WHY the clot happened!

One of the corners of Virchow’s triad - trauma, recent surgery, immobilization, cancer, estrogen use

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14
Q

What is an unprovoked clot?

A

We don’t know the source of clot, these patients need to go to hematology

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15
Q

What is the presentation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

A

Increased swelling, distended (varicose) veins, pain, skin hyperpigmentation

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16
Q

What is Phlegmasia alba dolens?

A

White swollen leg associated with proximal DVT, concern for limb loss due to increased compartment pressures (compartment syndrome)

17
Q

What is Phlegmasia cerulea dolens?

A

Dusky or blue leg associated with proximal DVT, concern for limb loss due to increased compartment pressures (compartment syndrome)

18
Q

Who gets arterial thrombotic events?

A

Sick people- Diabetics, CHF, aFib, coronary heart disease

19
Q

What is the pathophysiology (cause) of a pulmonary embolism?

A

Virchow’s triad causes clot.

Clot becomes loose and travels through the circulation to lodge in the pulmonary vasculature.

20
Q

What conditions increases the risk of bleeding?

A

Von Willebrand Disease
Hemophilia
Platelet Disorders

21
Q

Hemophilia A is a deficiency in what factor?

A

VIII

22
Q

Hemophilia B is a deficiency in what factor?

A

IX

23
Q

What does the deficiency in Hemophilia A and B going to cause?

A

Deficiency in these factors will decrease the ability to form the fibrin mesh over the platelet plug

24
Q

What lab is going to be ordered to diagnose Hemophilia?

A

PTT

25
Q

Viral illness in kids is most commonly associated with what bleeding disorder?

A

Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)

26
Q

What does Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) normally present with?

A

Bleeding (mucosal)
Purpura, petechia

27
Q

In a shocked state like hemorrhagic shock what is the cause of shock?

A

Loss of oxygen, ischemia

28
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)?

A

IgG mediated response to Heparin resulting in platelet activation, platelet consumption​

29
Q

How does estrogen increase platelet aggregation?

A

Increases circulating fibrinogen, increases factors X, VII

30
Q

What is Protein C dependent on?

A

Vitamin K

31
Q

What factors does Protein C degrade?

A

Va and VIIa

32
Q

The effects of Protein C Deficiency are pronounced on Warfarin, what is the common presenting symptom in this case?

A

Skin necrosis

33
Q

How do you diagnose Hemophilia A and B?

A

aPTT (prolonged)

34
Q

What type of genetic disorder is protein C and S deficiency?

A

Autosomal Dominant

Hematology (9 decks)

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