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Food Animal Medicine > Hematuria and HBuria > Flashcards

Hematuria and HBuria Flashcards

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1
Q

How to differentiate Hematuria and HBuria?

A

spin it down. hematuria will settle.

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2
Q

What are the definitions of Hematuria, HBuria and Mburia?

A

hemat - RBCs in urine on urine sediment. When spun, the supernatant will have blood. Included blood clots
Hburia - hb in urine, after spinning will still all be red
Myuria - mb in urine. Only differentiate by increased serum CK and AST.

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3
Q

what are hemat, hburia, and mburia?

A

clinical signs, not Dx

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4
Q

Where can the blood come from? what are the probable locations based on when it shows up when urinating?

A

urethra, bladder, kidney. Early (urethra) to late in urination (kidney)

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5
Q

What are the differentials for urethra?

A

calculi, trauma, and urethritis

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6
Q

What are the differentials for the bladder?

A

bracken fern, cysitis, papilloma, neoplasia, calculi, and polpys

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7
Q

What are the differentials for the kidney?

A

pyelonephritis, infarction, trauma, MCF, and endotoxic shock

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8
Q

HOw to Dx Calculi?

A

hematuria, colic and straining to urinate, enlarged urethra or ureter from rectal, post-renal azotemia

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9
Q

What is the treatment for urinary calculi?

A

mainly surgical, salvage the animal before uremic, medical like xylasine, NSAIDs, and IV fluids, Or walpole’s solution to guide acetic acid into the bladder.

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10
Q

prevention of calculi

A

water access, increase forage speciifcally longstem forage (esp for struvites), ammonium chloride ( but will decrease palatability)

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11
Q

What is associated with bacterial urethritis? How will it show?

A

pseudomonas infection which will manifest as hemospermia and needs time to rest.

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Brackedn fern?

A

pteridium aquilinum

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13
Q

CLinical signs of bracken fern

A

blood +/- clots in the urine, bladder wall thickening +/- tumors, anemia, sporadic

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14
Q

Treatment of the bracken fern

A

get rid of it from the diet, supportive

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15
Q

Background on cystitis in ruminants

A

females, C renale and e coli.

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16
Q

Clinical signs of cystitis. What don’t you see?

A

dysuria, decreased rate of urine flow, thickened bladder wall. NOT hematuria

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17
Q

treatment of cystitis

A

responds to penicillin. It only hits gram negatives because it hits such high concentrations in the urine.

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18
Q

Pyelonephritis clinical signs

A

in females, same etiologies as cystitis, reduction in feed intake and production, PAINFUL, enlarged smooth painful kidneys

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19
Q

treatment of pyelonephritis

A

penicillins and supportive care

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20
Q

prognosis of pyelonephirits

A

guarded.

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21
Q

What is athe most common cause of renal infarction?

A

NSAIDS and dehydration

22
Q

Where is the pathology

A

acute tubular necrosis in the LOH

23
Q

Clinical signs of renal infarction

A

polyuria, anuria, and dysuria as well as renal azotemia

24
Q

Treatment of renal infarction

A

fluids for normal perfusion

25
Q

What is the cause of HBuria? why is this bad in the body?

A

severe hemolysis. Hb is nephrotoxic

26
Q

What are bacterial DDx of HBuria?

A

Clostridia and leptospira

27
Q

What are the parasitic DDx of HBuria?

A

babesia, eperythrozoon, theileria, trypanosoma

28
Q

What are the DDx of immune HBuria?

A

NIE, Auto0-immune

29
Q

What are Heinz body DDx?

A

drugs, plants, molybdenum defic, or selenium defic.

30
Q

What are the Misc. Hburia DDx?

A

water, copper, post-partum

31
Q

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A

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32
Q

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A

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33
Q

Treatment and prevention of bac. hburia?

A

rarely done first off, high doses of penicillin, handle animals gently, give the 8-way vaccines

34
Q

Epidem of Lepto?

A

rare in western canada, multi-systemic, zoonotic,

35
Q

What are the etiologies of lepto?

A

hordjo, pomona, grippotyphosa

36
Q

What are the typical lepto mild signs?

A

repro failure, agalactia, hburia

37
Q

Dx of Lepto

A

PCR, Microscopic - agglutination, NOT - culture

38
Q

What are common causes of Copper tox?

A

sheep eating cow mineral,

39
Q

Treatment of copper tox

A

chelation or transfusion, supportive care

40
Q

What are some oxidizing agents causing HB formation?

A

phenothiazines, methylene blue, onions, brassicas, Mb/Se defic.

41
Q

What is the big problem of Neonatal isoerythrolysis

A

vaccines of blood origin that have the same antigens as the sire in the dam

42
Q

Epidemiology of PParturint HBuria?>

A

IV hemolysis, HBuria, and anemia, sporadic, 1 month after

43
Q

Cause of PP HBuria

A

related to hypophosphatemia

44
Q

Tx of PP HBuria. What NOT to give?

A

supportive care and phosphate supplementation. Don’t give phosphite which is in the Cal-mag-phos

45
Q

Pathophysiology of too much water intake

A

too much cold water, osmofragiliy of RBC, hemolysis, CNS signs.

46
Q

Clinical signs from water intoxication

A

large scale hemolysis and passing red urine.

47
Q

Causes of struvite

A

high grain

48
Q

causes of silicate

A

grazing native grasslands

49
Q

Causes of calcium carbonate

A

grazing lush clovers

50
Q

cause of calcium oxalate

A

idiopathic

Food Animal Medicine (8 decks)

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