Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System Disease Flashcards
polycythemia (erythrocytosis) is a _ in erythrocyte count
increase
polycythemia causes _ blood viscosity _tissue perfusion _ work load on heart heart _
increased
decreased
increased
failure
relative erythrocytosis is _
_ in plasma volume
due to _
increase in count relative to hemoconcentration
decrease
dehydration
absolute primary erythrocytosis is abnormal proliferation of _ cells with normal to low levels of _
myeloid stem cells
erythropoietin
idiopathic disease associated with hyperplasia/neoplasia of erythroid tissue
polycythemia vera
absolute secondary erythrocytosis is _
increased RMB with increased erythropoietin levels
appropriate vs inappropriate absolute secondary erythrocytosis
appropriate - hypoxic conditions, lung disease, heart disease, high altitudes
inapp - erythropoietin secreted by tumors
reduction in the oxygen transporting capacity of blood: _
anemia
normal hemoglobin gm/dl for male vs female
- 5-17.5
11. 5-15.5
RBC count for male vs female
40-50
36-48
blood loss anemia - hemorrhage _ is immediate threat hemodilution normocytic and normochromic because _ there may be iron loss
hypovolemic shock
RBC is not dysfunctional
body’s response to blood loss anemia:
fluid _
_ response involving smooth muscle contraction
_ in peripheral blood
shift (interstitial to intravascular)
splenic
reticulocytosis (immature RBC)
hemolytic anemia is _
increased destruction of erythrocytes
hemoglobin is _ the volume of RBC
1/3
erythrocutes live _ days, can live longer in case of anemia
110-120
_ and _ are recycled
_ is converted to bilirubin which binds to albumin (free bilirubin)
iron and globin
heme
free bilirubin is taken up by the liver which binds to _ and is now called conjugated bilirubin, now more soluble and easily excretable
glucaronic acid
in hemolytic anemia, there will be an increase in heme -> bilirubin causing _
icturus and jaundice
the body has no major pathway for removing excess _
iron
primary hemolytic anemia is associated with _
-cytoskeleton,hemoglobinopathies, abnormalities of erythrocyte metabolism/enzyme deficiencies
genetic errors
most common form of hereditary primary hemolytic anemia
hereditary spherocytosis - cytoskeleton (auto-dom, 25% cases recessive)
sickle cell anemia is autosomal-_
recessive
sickle cell anemia carriers, heterozygous may _
show some manifestations of the disease
thalessemias results from absent or defective synthesis of _
hemoglobin chains
