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Pathology > Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System Disease > Flashcards

Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System Disease Flashcards

1
Q

polycythemia (erythrocytosis) is a _ in erythrocyte count

A

increase

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2
Q 
polycythemia causes 
_ blood viscosity
_tissue perfusion
_ work load on heart
heart _
A

increased
decreased
increased
failure

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3
Q

relative erythrocytosis is _
_ in plasma volume
due to _

A

increase in count relative to hemoconcentration
decrease
dehydration

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4
Q

absolute primary erythrocytosis is abnormal proliferation of _ cells with normal to low levels of _

A

myeloid stem cells

erythropoietin

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5
Q

idiopathic disease associated with hyperplasia/neoplasia of erythroid tissue

A

polycythemia vera

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6
Q

absolute secondary erythrocytosis is _

A

increased RMB with increased erythropoietin levels

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7
Q

appropriate vs inappropriate absolute secondary erythrocytosis

A

appropriate - hypoxic conditions, lung disease, heart disease, high altitudes
inapp - erythropoietin secreted by tumors

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8
Q

reduction in the oxygen transporting capacity of blood: _

A

anemia

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9
Q

normal hemoglobin gm/dl for male vs female

A
  1. 5-17.5

11. 5-15.5

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10
Q

RBC count for male vs female

A

40-50

36-48

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11
Q 
blood loss anemia - hemorrhage 
_ is immediate threat
hemodilution 
normocytic and normochromic because _
there may be iron loss
A

hypovolemic shock

RBC is not dysfunctional

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12
Q

body’s response to blood loss anemia:
fluid _
_ response involving smooth muscle contraction
_ in peripheral blood

A

shift (interstitial to intravascular)
splenic
reticulocytosis (immature RBC)

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13
Q

hemolytic anemia is _

A

increased destruction of erythrocytes

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14
Q

hemoglobin is _ the volume of RBC

A

1/3

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15
Q

erythrocutes live _ days, can live longer in case of anemia

A

110-120

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16
Q

_ and _ are recycled

_ is converted to bilirubin which binds to albumin (free bilirubin)

A

iron and globin

heme

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17
Q

free bilirubin is taken up by the liver which binds to _ and is now called conjugated bilirubin, now more soluble and easily excretable

A

glucaronic acid

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18
Q

in hemolytic anemia, there will be an increase in heme -> bilirubin causing _

A

icturus and jaundice

19
Q

the body has no major pathway for removing excess _

A

iron

20
Q

primary hemolytic anemia is associated with _

-cytoskeleton,hemoglobinopathies, abnormalities of erythrocyte metabolism/enzyme deficiencies

A

genetic errors

21
Q

most common form of hereditary primary hemolytic anemia

A

hereditary spherocytosis - cytoskeleton (auto-dom, 25% cases recessive)

22
Q

sickle cell anemia is autosomal-_

A

recessive

23
Q

sickle cell anemia carriers, heterozygous may _

A

show some manifestations of the disease

24
Q

thalessemias results from absent or defective synthesis of _

A

hemoglobin chains

25
Q

thalessemias heterozygous vs homozygous?

homozygous results in _

A

mild vs severe

hypoxia, stillborn infant, death after birth

26
Q

secondary or associated hemolytic anemia is associated with factors _

A

exogenous to RBC which may produce membrane damage including antibody-mediated hemolysis

27
Q

factors causing secondary/acquired hemolytic anemia:

A

drugs, toxins, venoms, infections

28
Q

megaloblastic anemia is caused by _ or _ deficiency
results in abnormal _ synthesis
precursor cells _

A

cobalamin or folic acid
nucleic acid
do not differentiate into RBCs and can be seen in circulation

29
Q

B12 deficiency, aka _

occurs in pts with _ deficiency

A

pernicious anemia

gastric intrinsic factor (bypass sx)

30
Q

folic acid deficiency is _ induced from substances such as anti-epileptics and antisporatics

A

drug

31
Q

chronic disease anemia is due to drop in _ production in renal failure

associated with decreased _ intake

normocytic and normochromic

A

erythropoietin

vitamin

32
Q

anaplastic anemia is _ of all bone marrow activity

A

complete loss

33
Q

malignant neoplasia of leukocytes that originate and spread throughout the red bone marrow

A

leukemia

34
Q

chronic leukemia affects _ and onset is _

A

adults, insidious

35
Q

new major forms of acute leukemia

A

acute myelocytic leukemia AML

acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL

36
Q

AML occurs in _

A

children and young adults, before 50

37
Q

ALL occurs in _

A

young children (4 years most common)

38
Q

_ is a disorder of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes

-seen primarily in _

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

adults (slow course, live normal for awhile)

39
Q

lymphomas are native to lymphoid tissue and normally originate _

A

outside of bone marrow

40
Q

lymphomas are _ lesions and _

A

mass aleukemic

41
Q

hodgkin’s lymphoma originates in 1 area, young involved _ diaphragm, old involved _ diaphragm

A

above, below

42
Q

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma involves many areas and many tissue types, it will _ early

A

spread

43
Q

HIV causes _

A

non-hodgkins

44
Q

malignant neoplasia of plasma cells is known as _,

high affinity for _ tissue

A

multiple myeloma

osseous, eventually nonosseous

Pathology (8 decks)

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