Hematopoiesis Flashcards
Functions of Blood
oxygen transport to cells
carbon dioxide transport away from cells
transport nutrients from the digestive system to cells
transport hormones to cells
Hematopoiesis
start in the bone marrow as pluripotent stem cells the differentiate (erythrocytic, granulocytic, megakaryocytic, or agranulocytic) and are released into peripheral circulation
whole blood is composed of fluids and cells
plasma=fluid protein
cells=erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Agranulocyes: lymphocytes, monocytes
Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Blood Cells
constantly produced
finite life span, must be replaced
life span differs by cell type and species
change as aging occurs
Blood Cell Production
produced in red marrow of long bones in adults
liver and spleen involved in fetal blood production
poiesis
to make, production of
hema or hemat/o
blood
erythro
red
leuk or leuk/o
white
thromb or thromb/o
clot
pluripotent stem cells
can develop into any type of blood cell or platelet
influenced by cytokines (chemical messengers)
over 25 different cytokines
primarily cytokine for RBC production=erythropoietin (produced in kidneys)
Erythrocytes/RBC
no nucleus in mammals
biconcave shape
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
RBC lifespan
Cats 70 days
Dogs 120 days
Human 120 days
Erythropoietin (EPO)
cytokine responsible for production of RBCs
produced by cells in kidney to decrease oxygen tension in blood
EPO circulates in the blood to the red bone marrow
binds to receptors on erythroid precursor cells, causing them to divide and mature
RBC Development
Rubiblasts
Prorubicyte
Rubricytes
Metarubicytes
Rubiblasts
first phase
Prorubicyte
smaller than rubiblasts
slightly more dense basophilic cytoplasm
no visible nucleus
Rubricyte
basophilic cytoplasm
clumping nucleus
changes as it matures
Metarubricytes
smallest cells condensed nucleus deep red cytoplasm can't divide hemoglobin formation complete
Reticulocytes/Polychromatophil
immature RBC
lose ribosome material
small pieces remaining-punctuate reticulocytes
Thrombocyte Development
Thrombopoietin
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte
Thrombopoietin
produced primarily in liver
Megakaryocyte
many nuclear lobes
reddish granules in cytoplasm
cells are very large and shear apart in blood flow
Leukopoiesis
the bone marrow of an adult human makes about 1 billion neutrophils per day
takes about 1 week to make 1
only live in peripheral blood for a few hours
Granulopoiesis Development
Leukopoietin Myeoblasts Promyelocytes Myelocytes Band Cells Segmented Granculocytes
Myeoblasts
large with round to oval nucleus
prominent nucleus
pale gray-blue cytoplasm
Promyelocytes
large, pale staining, prominent, reddish cytoplasm granules
with no obvious nuclei
Myelocytes
smaller
round nucleus
characteristics of mature cells appear
develop specific granules
Band Cells
horseshoe shaped nucleus with parallel sides
Segmented granulocytes
nuclei with 2 or more lobes
Monopoiesis Development
Monoblasts
Promonocytes
Monocytes
Monopoiesis
may develop into macrophages with the right cytokines
Lymphocyte Development
Pluripotent Stem Cell
Common Lymphoid Progenitor (lymphoid stem cell)
Lymphoblast
Prolymphocyte stage
Prolymphocyte stages
differentiate between B lymphocyte precursor or T lymphocyte precursor or Natural Killer precursor
requires certain cytokines and antibodies
Juvenile B lymphocytes
mature primarily in the bone marrow or specialized Peyer’s patches in dogs, pigs, and ruminants (or in the bursa of Fabricius in birds)
T lymphocytes
mature in thymus
Natural Killer Cells
mature in bone marrow but also thymus and other lymphoid tissues
penia
decreased number of cells
neutropenia
decreased neutrophils
pancytopenia
decreased of all blood cell types
philia
increase, attraction to
cytosis
increased number of cells
neutrophilia
increase number of neutrophils
lymphocytosis
increase number of lymphocytes
left-shift
increased number of immature neutrophils
leukemia
neoplastic cells of blood or bone marrow
leukemoid response
mistaken for leukemia
marked by leukocytosis
usually inflammatory disease
