Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Functions of Blood

Answer 1

oxygen transport to cells
carbon dioxide transport away from cells
transport nutrients from the digestive system to cells
transport hormones to cells

Question 2

Hematopoiesis

Answer 2

start in the bone marrow as pluripotent stem cells the differentiate (erythrocytic, granulocytic, megakaryocytic, or agranulocytic) and are released into peripheral circulation

whole blood is composed of fluids and cells
plasma=fluid protein
cells=erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 3

Leukocytes

Answer 3

Agranulocyes: lymphocytes, monocytes

Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 4

Blood Cells

Answer 4

constantly produced
finite life span, must be replaced
life span differs by cell type and species
change as aging occurs

Question 5

Blood Cell Production

Answer 5

produced in red marrow of long bones in adults

liver and spleen involved in fetal blood production

Question 6

poiesis

Answer 6

to make, production of

Question 7

hema or hemat/o

Answer 7

blood

Question 8

erythro

Answer 8

red

Question 9

leuk or leuk/o

Answer 9

white

Question 10

thromb or thromb/o

Answer 10

clot

Question 11

pluripotent stem cells

Answer 11

can develop into any type of blood cell or platelet
influenced by cytokines (chemical messengers)
over 25 different cytokines
primarily cytokine for RBC production=erythropoietin (produced in kidneys)

Question 12

Erythrocytes/RBC

Answer 12

no nucleus in mammals
biconcave shape
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 13

RBC lifespan

Answer 13

Cats 70 days
Dogs 120 days
Human 120 days

Question 14

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 14

cytokine responsible for production of RBCs
produced by cells in kidney to decrease oxygen tension in blood
EPO circulates in the blood to the red bone marrow
binds to receptors on erythroid precursor cells, causing them to divide and mature

Question 15

RBC Development

Answer 15

Rubiblasts
Prorubicyte
Rubricytes
Metarubicytes

Question 16

Rubiblasts

Answer 16

first phase

Question 17

Prorubicyte

Answer 17

smaller than rubiblasts
slightly more dense basophilic cytoplasm
no visible nucleus

Question 18

Rubricyte

Answer 18

basophilic cytoplasm
clumping nucleus
changes as it matures

Question 19

Metarubricytes

Answer 19

smallest cells
condensed nucleus
deep red cytoplasm
can't divide
hemoglobin formation complete

Question 20

Reticulocytes/Polychromatophil

Answer 20

immature RBC
lose ribosome material
small pieces remaining-punctuate reticulocytes

Question 21

Thrombocyte Development

Answer 21

Thrombopoietin
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte

Question 22

Thrombopoietin

Answer 22

produced primarily in liver

Question 23

Megakaryocyte

Answer 23

many nuclear lobes
reddish granules in cytoplasm
cells are very large and shear apart in blood flow

Question 24

Leukopoiesis

Answer 24

the bone marrow of an adult human makes about 1 billion neutrophils per day
takes about 1 week to make 1
only live in peripheral blood for a few hours

Question 25

Granulopoiesis Development

Answer 25

``` Leukopoietin Myeoblasts Promyelocytes Myelocytes Band Cells Segmented Granculocytes ```

Question 26

Myeoblasts

Answer 26

large with round to oval nucleus prominent nucleus pale gray-blue cytoplasm

Question 27

Promyelocytes

Answer 27

large, pale staining, prominent, reddish cytoplasm granules | with no obvious nuclei

Question 28

Myelocytes

Answer 28

smaller round nucleus characteristics of mature cells appear develop specific granules

Question 29

Band Cells

Answer 29

horseshoe shaped nucleus with parallel sides

Question 30

Segmented granulocytes

Answer 30

nuclei with 2 or more lobes

Question 31

Monopoiesis Development

Answer 31

Monoblasts Promonocytes Monocytes

Question 32

Monopoiesis

Answer 32

may develop into macrophages with the right cytokines

Question 33

Lymphocyte Development

Answer 33

Pluripotent Stem Cell Common Lymphoid Progenitor (lymphoid stem cell) Lymphoblast Prolymphocyte stage

Question 34

Prolymphocyte stages

Answer 34

differentiate between B lymphocyte precursor or T lymphocyte precursor or Natural Killer precursor requires certain cytokines and antibodies

Question 35

Juvenile B lymphocytes

Answer 35

mature primarily in the bone marrow or specialized Peyer's patches in dogs, pigs, and ruminants (or in the bursa of Fabricius in birds)

Question 36

T lymphocytes

Answer 36

mature in thymus

Question 37

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 37

mature in bone marrow but also thymus and other lymphoid tissues

Question 38

penia

Answer 38

decreased number of cells

Question 39

neutropenia

Answer 39

decreased neutrophils

Question 40

pancytopenia

Answer 40

decreased of all blood cell types

Question 41

philia

Answer 41

increase, attraction to

Question 42

cytosis

Answer 42

increased number of cells

Question 43

neutrophilia

Answer 43

increase number of neutrophils

Question 44

lymphocytosis

Answer 44

increase number of lymphocytes

Question 45

left-shift

Answer 45

increased number of immature neutrophils

Question 46

leukemia

Answer 46

neoplastic cells of blood or bone marrow

Question 47

leukemoid response

Answer 47

mistaken for leukemia marked by leukocytosis usually inflammatory disease