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Hematology > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What day/week does the hematopoiesis begin?

A

19th day or 2nd week of embryologic development

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2
Q

It lines the cavity of the yolk sac arise from mesodermal cells.

A

Primitive erythroblast

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3
Q

The remaining cells surrounding the cavity of the yolk sac and form the future blood vessels.

A

Angioblasts

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4
Q

A continuous, regulated process of blood cell production that includes cell renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation.

A

Hematopoiesis

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5
Q

Primary site of Mesoblastic phase.

A

Yolk sac

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6
Q

What are the measurable amounts of hgb produced by primitive erythroblast?

A

Hgb portland, Gower-1, and Gower-2

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7
Q

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis begins at what day/weeks?

A

4-5th gestational weeks or 2nd month

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8
Q

In this stage, the developing erythroblast signal the beginning of definitive hematopoiesis with a decline in primitive hematopiesis.

A

Hepatic phase

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9
Q

What is the major site of hematopoiesis during the 3rd month?

A

Liver

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10
Q

First fully developed organ in fetus, becomes the major site of T-cell production.

A

Thymus

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11
Q

Organ that produces B-cells?

A

Kidney and Spleen

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12
Q

The production of megakaryocytes, erythroblast, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphoid cells, hgb F, A and A2 begin during this phase.

A

Hepatic phase

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13
Q

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and kidney contribute during this phase.

A

Extra hepatic hematopoiesis

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14
Q

Other name for Mesoblastic phase.

A

Yolk sac phase or Mesenchymal stage

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15
Q

These are aggregates of primitive cell.

A

Blood islands

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16
Q

2 compartments in Dualistic/Polyphyletic theory.

A
  1. Hemohistioblast - WBC(grabulocytes), RBC, Platelet

2. Tissue hemohistioblast - agranulocytes, T-cell & B-cell, Plasma cells

17
Q

During this month, the Medullary phase begins.

A

5th month of fetal life

18
Q

Major site if hematopoiesis by the end of 6th month.

A

Bone marrow

19
Q

During this stage, mesencyhmal cells(type of embryonic tissue), EPO, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Hgb F, Hgb A and A2 can be detected.

A

Medullary or Myeloid phase

20
Q

It consist of trabecular bone resembling a honey comb located within the cavities of cortical bones.

A

Bone marrow

21
Q

How many percent of bone marrow does the children and adult contain?

A

Children - 4.5%

Adult - 1.5%

22
Q

An active marrow and usually seen during infancy and early childhood

A

Red marrow

23
Q

The process of replacing active marrow by adipose tissue (yellow marrow).

A

Retrogression

24
Q

An inactive marrow composed primarily of fat cells/adipocytes.

A

Yellow marrow

25
Q

In this age, yellow marrow become more abundant and begin to occupy spaces in long bones.

A

Between 5 and 7 years of age

26
Q

Composed of extravascular cords that contain all developing blood lineages, stem & progenitor cells, adventitial and macrophages.

A

Red marrow

27
Q

The father of stem cell discovered in 1961.

A

James Till and Ernest McCullohch

28
Q

Are bone forming cells?

A

Osteoblasts

29
Q

Bone resorbing cells

A

Osteoclasts

30
Q

What are the functions of liver?

A
  1. Synthesize various transport proteins
  2. Stores mineral and vitamins
  3. Conjugate bilirubin from Hgb degradation
  4. Transport bilirubin to SI for eventual secretion
31
Q

These are macrophages that removes foreign debris from blood circulation. Also responsible for protein synthesis.

A

Kupffer cells

32
Q

Largest lymphoid organ in the body.

A

Spleen

33
Q

Functions of the Spleen.

A
  1. Indiscriminate filter of circulating blood
  2. Vital but not essential for life
  3. Production of IgM antibodies and complement, both of which can be used to opsonize bacteria.
34
Q

Location of spleen.

A

Beneath the diaphragm behind fundus of stomach in upper left quadrant of the abdomen

35
Q

Composed primarily of vascular sinusoids and by cords of Billroth. And serves as an important scavenger.

A

Red pulp

36
Q

Contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that help coordinate the immune response and play roles in both innate and adaptive immunity.

A

White pulp

37
Q

2 methods for removing senescent RBCs from the circulation:

A
  1. Culling - cells are phagocytosed with subsequent degradation of cell organelles.
  2. Pitting - remove inclusions/damaged surface membrane from circulating RBCs.
38
Q

Bean shaped, 1-5mm located aling lymphatic capillaries.

A

Lymph nodes

39
Q

Located above the upper part of the anterior mediastinum at about the level of the great vessels of the heart.

A

Thymus

Hematology (5 decks)

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