Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Path 2 > Hematopoetic (KP) > Flashcards

Hematopoetic (KP) Flashcards

1
Q

What cells do combined immunodeficiency disorders (CIDS) affect? TQ

A 
Both Humoral (B cells)
and Cell mediated immunity (T cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What breed does equine CID affect, eitology & sequele?

A

Arabians
Inherited
Failure of function of B and T lymphocyte production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who gets XSCID? What is the sequele?

A

Dogs- bassets & welsh corgis

Males lack mature functional T lymphocites, low IgG & IgA w/ normal IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do degenerative Thymus disorders result in?

A

Variable degrees of aquired immunodefeciency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the degenerative disorders of the Thymus?

A

Atrophy
Loss of Architecture
Lymphocyto-lysis
Reduced lymphocyte populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What neoplastic disease of the Thymus affects young animals?

A

Thymic Lymphoma

T-lymphocyte neoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is thymoma?

A

Thymic epithelial cell neoplasm w/ mix of non-neoplastic lymphocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are thymoma’s benign or malignant, what age animal do they occur in?

A

Usually Benign

Seen in older animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What other dz’s are associated with thymomas? (TQ)

A

Myasthenia gravis +/- megaesophagus

Immune mediated polymyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes thymic hemorrahage and hematomas,?
What species?
Sequele?

A

Trauma, ruptured aortic aneurisms, Rodenticide poisoning
Dogs
Sudden hypovolemic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of physical injury could happen to the spleen? TQ

A

Rupture-HBC, neoplasm rupture (hemangio(sarco)ma/lymphosarcoma), Splenomegaly
Torsion- strangulation of pole pigs, GDV dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three types of splenic degeneration and necrosis?

A

Siderofibrosis
Amyloidosis
Hemosiderosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is siderfibrosis, the lesions and who gets it?

A

Sidero-calcific plaques of capsule “gamna-Gandy bodies
Fibrosis of capsule, hemosiderosis, granular encrustations
Aged dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is amyloidosis & lesions?

A

“Sago Spleen”

Prominent white pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hemosiderosis?

A

Pigmentation from hemosiderin (storage form of iron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eitology of hemosiderosis?

A 
Breakdown of RBC's
Decrease erythropoiesis = less iron demand
hemolytic anemia
chronic heart failure
Iron dextran injection pigs
Hemorrhage (trauma)
Hematomas,infarcts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of atrophy of the spleen is frequent in old dogs?

A

Nodular Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does extramedulary hematopoiesis happen in the spleen?

A

Young animals = normal

compensatory in anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can lead to uniform splenomegally with a bloody consistency “bloody spleen”?

A

Congestion- torsion, barbituate, euthanasia, sedation
Acute hyperemia- septicimia, inflammation
Acute hemolytic anemia- babesiosis, EIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can lead to uniform splenomegaly with a firm consistency “meaty spleen”? TQ

A 
Chronic hemolytic anemia (EIA)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)
Chronic infectious Dz
Lympohid hyperplasia
Bacteremia & low septicemia
Neoplasia (primary)
Splenic myeloid mataplasia, histocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can lead to nodular spenomegaly with bloody nodules?

A

Hematoma from lymphoid hyperplastic nodules or splenic vascular neoplasms
Incomplete contraction
Acute infarcts (wedge shaped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can lead to nodular splenomegaly with firm nodules?

A 
Nodular hyperplasia- lymphoid
Primary neoplasms
Metastatic neoplasms
Abscesses- acute infectious dz
Granulomas- chronic infectious dz
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the main causes of small spleens?

A

Developmental anomalies
Aging changes
Wasting &/or cachectic Dz
Splenic contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is damaged in wasting &/or Cachectic Dz of spleen? TQ

A

Atropy of T-lymphocyte areas

Little-no effect on B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the Neoplastic Dz of the spleen?
Lymphoma Hemangioma Hemangiosarcoma Metastatic Neoplasms
26
What are the 3 ways lymph nodes response to injury?
Hyperplastic changes Atrophic Changes Inflammation
27
What are the 5 things that can cause small lymphnodes?
``` Developmental disorders (SCID) Lack of antigenic stimulation Cachexia & malnutrition Aging Viral ```
28
What is the sequele of Cachexia & malnutrition on lymphnodes? TQ
Smaller than normal LN | Atrophy of T areas --> decrease in T lymphocytes with little to no effect on B-lymphocytes
29
What are the agents and sequele of Viral infections on lymphnodes? TQ
Lymphocytolysis (BVDV, CDV) Stimulate Lymphiod Tissue (Maedi-Visna, MCFV) Neoplasia (FLV, BLV, Marek's) Atrophy (FIV)
30
What are the 3 causes of enlarged lymphnodes?
Lymphoid Hyperplasia Lymphadenitis Neoplasa
31
What are the 2 types of lymphoid hyperplasia? TQ
Follicular (B-lymphocytes) | Diffuse (T-lymphocytes)
32
What are the two types of Lymphadenitis?
Acute | Chronic
33
What are the two types of Chronic Lymphadenitis?
``` Chronic Suppurative (active) Chronic Granulomatous ```
34
What are the 2 types of Chronic Granulomatous and their etiological agents?
Focal granulomatous - tuberculosis (pearls dz), Crptococcus, Actinobacillus Diffuse Granulomatous- Histoplasmosis, Leishmaniasis, Johne's dz (non caseating) "M paratuberculoisis"
35
What is the most common primary neoplasm of LN?
Lymphocarcoma | malignant cells cause loss of architecture in cortex & medulla
36
What are two substances observed in LN?
Chyle (post prandial) | Gas emphysema
37
What growth disturbance of the LN is an important cause of lymphadenopathy?
Hyperplasia
38
What are the 4 types of hyperplasia of the LN?
Follicular & diffuse lyphoid hyperplasia Acute lymphadenitis Chronic lymphadenitis Neoplasia (primary & metastatic)
39
What is the difference microscopically between LN Neoplasia of the LN & Lymphoma? TQ
Neoplasia - Lack of capsular invasion & preservastion of architecture Lymphoma- Capsular invasion & loss of architecture
40
What are the two types of lymphoma in cattle? TQ
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (BLV) | Sporadic Bovine Leukosis
41
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis affects cattle of what age? TQ
Adults 4-8 years
42
What virus is responsible for Enzootic Bovine Leukosis? TQ
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) a retrovirus
43
What locations in cattle will you find the lesions of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis? TQ
``` "HAULS" Heart Abomasum Uterus LN Spinal Canal ```
44
Sporadic Bovine Leukosis affects cattle of what age group? TQ
Young animals
45
Is Sporadic Bovine Leukosis associated with BLV?
No
46
What is the age group & distribution of calf/juvenile type of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis?
Calves up to 6 months old | Multicentric
47
What is the age group of calves affected with Thymic type Sporadic Bovine Leukosis?
1-2 year olds
48
What is the age group and lesion of cutaneous sporadic bovine leukosis?
2-3 year old cattle | skin nodules
49
What is the presentation of horses with lymphoma?
``` Variable Multicentric Alimentary Cutaneous Splenic Abdominal ```
50
What is the most common presentation of lymphoma in dogs? TQ
Multicentric LN, Liver Spleen bone marrow | Unusual presentation b/c Normal architecture is present but cortex/medulla is obliterated
51
What causes lymphoma in cats & how does it present?
``` FeLV Multicentric Alimentary Thymic Miscellanous ```
52
Bone Marrow Response to injury?
Abnormal Proliferation Concentration Structure or function
53
What is aplastic anemia? TQ
A type of abnormal proliferation leading to the absence of a particular hemopoietic lineage
54
What is the absence of all hemopoietic lineages?
Aplastic pancytopenia
55
What can cause aplastic anemia?
Chemicals | Infections
56
What chemicals cause aplastic anemia?
``` Phenylbutazone (horse, dog) Bracken Fern (cattle, sheep) Estrogen (dogs) ```
57
What type of infections casue aplastic anemia?
``` Non-regenerative Anemia Ehrlichiosis--> BM hypoplasia FeLV--> affects precurser cells EIA-->cyclic infection Cytauxzoon felis-->excellerated RBC destruction/removal Other Parvo FIV--> anemia from concurrent dz ```
58
Whate is neoplasia of bone marrow called and where does it occur?
Leukemia | From bone marrow hematopoietic cells
59
How is Leukemia classified?
``` Cell of origion Lymphocytic (outside BM) Myelogenous (non-lymphoid origon) Degree of differentiation Acute- poorly Chronic- well ```
60
What is Myelophthisis? TQ
Replacement of hematopoietic tissue in BM by fibrous tissue, malignant cells or granulomas
61
What causes serous atrophy of fat in BM?
Cachexia/Starvation = gelatinous transformaiton | BM reticular cells produce a mucoid substance. But hemoatopoietic cells & fat still found in BM
62
What is lethal gray collie disease?
Cyclic Hematopoiesis --> inherited disorder of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells
63
What is cytopenia?
Deficiency of blood cells
64
What is pancytopenia?
decrease in all hemopoietic cells
65
When do hematopoietic cells deplete in Aplastic cytopenia (aplastic anemia)?
Neuts-->1wk Platlets-->2wks RBC's-->months
66
What is persistent lymphocytosis? What species do you see it in? What causes it?TQ
Non-neoplastic hyperplasia of B-lymphocytes. Increases risk of developing B-lymphocyte lymphoma Cattle (30% get lymphocytosis w/in 3 months) BLV infections
67
Poikilocytosis?
Abnormally shaped RBC's
68
What are Toxic changes you would see in hematopoetic cells?
``` increased cytoplasmic basophilia Dohle Bodies: sm blue/grey cytoplasmic inclusions of aggregated endoplasmic reticulum Cytoplasmic vaculations (severe) ```
69
What is Pelger-Huet Anomaly (PHA)?
Lack of normal segmentation in nucleous of mature granulocytes (look immature)
70
What is the mode of inheritance of PHA?
Autosomal dominant w/ incomplete penetrance Hets-->not pathogenic Homo-->skeletal abnormalities, stillbirths, early mortality, granulocytes have round/oval nuclei
71
What is pseudo-PHA?
Aquired reversible condition that mimics the real thing
72
What does Pseudo PHA cause?
Hypocoagulability Hypercoagulability Disorders of hemostasis
73
What type of bleeds happen with disorders of primary hemostasis?
Small bleeds
74
What type of bleeds happen with disorders of secondary hemostasis?
Big bleeds
75
What does intravascular hemolysis cause?
hemoglobinemia hemoglobinuria billirubinuria Jaundice/Icterus
76
What are the immune mediated disorders of RBC's (3)
Primary IMHA Secondary IMHA Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)
77
What is the eitiology of Primary IMHA?
Idiopathic | IgG>IgM
78
What is secondary IMHA secondary to? (6)
``` Infection Drugs Chemicals Vax Neoplasia Bee sting ```
79
How does Neonatal Isoerythrolysis occur?
Colostrum derived maternal Ab react with newborn erythrocytes.
80
What is babesia?
An intracellular Protoazoal parasite
81
How does babesia cause hemolysis?
Extravascular hemolysis via immune mediated RBC destruction or oxidative damage. Intravascular hemolysis via protozoal proteases
82
What are the lesions of babesiosis
Splenomegaly Jaundice, hemoglobinuria Hemorrhage Gallbladder distended with thick bile (choleostasis)
83
What is cytauxzoon felis?
A protozal parisite of cats that causes severe, fatal dz.
84
What does the scizogenouse phase of C. felis do?
schizont-->macrophage-->occlude veins-->Ischemia
85
What does the Erythrocyte phase of C. felis do?
IV merozoites-->RBC's__>Immune mediated EV hemolysis
86
What type of anemia can C. Felis cuse?
Normocytic, Normochromic Nonregenerative anemia
87
CS of C. felis?
Acute illness & fever pallor-->icterus Death with in 2-3 days
88
Do trypanosoma spp infect RBC's?
No but cause immune mediated EV hemolysis
89
What is the trifecta of CS with Babesia, Anaplasma & hemotropic mycoplasma?
Pallor-->icterus Splenomegaly distended gallbaldder
90
What kind of parasite are Anaplasma species?
Rickettsial agents | Intracellular
91
What Bacteria causes fatal hemolytic anemia? TQ
Clostridium
92
How does Clostridium spp cause anemia? TQ
Bacterial toxins from the clostridium cause acute hemolysis
93
What causes bacillary hemoglobinuria "red water" in cattle? TQ
Clostridium
94
What causes yellow lamb dz?
CLostridium perfringens type A (enterotoxemic jaundice)
95
Co-infection with liver flukes and one of these two types of bacteria can cause release if hemolytic toxins? TQ
CLostridium haemolyticum | Clostriium novyi type D
96
Hemotropic mycoplama is what kind of parasite and causes what?
Epicellular parasite--> invaginations of RBC surface | Immune mediated EV hemolysis
97
Leptospira spp. cause what type of hemolysis?
Extravascular hemolysis via immune mediated | Intravascular hemolysis via enzymatic (phospholypase production)
98
What agents cause Intravascular hemolysis?
``` Babesia CLostridium Lepto EIA HYPO-P Water Intox Acute PFK deficency ```
99
What are the CS of Acute EIA? TQ
Thrombocytopenia Anemia Fever
100
What are the CS of chronic EIA?
Icterus Lymphadenopathy "meaty spleen"
101
What type of anemia does EIA cause?
Cyclic nature of virus produces bouts of regen and non-reg anemia
102
What types of hemolysis does EIA cause?
EV | IV-acute form
103
How does EIA produce it's CS?
Anemia--> decress in erythropoiesis b/c of inflammation | Thrombocytopenia--> 2 to immune mediated destruction (acute)
104
What cells does FeLV infect? TQ
Hematopoetic precursor cells--> nonregenerative anemia
105
Other than anemia what else does FeLV cause?
Immunosuppresion--> Infections Bonemarrow disorders Lymphosarcoma
106
Does FIV cause anemia?
Not from FIV but from concurrent dz
107
What do oxidative agents do to RBC's?
Heinz Bodies | EV & IV hemolysis
108
What are the oxydative agents in horses?
Red maple toxicity | phnothiazine
109
What are the oxidative agents of ruminants?
Brassica spp. Nitrite toxicity-->methemogloninemia Copper Tox--> acute IV hemolytic anemia
110
What oxidative agents for dogs?
Acetaminophen
111
What are oxidative agents to all species?
Onions & garlic
112
What nutritional deficiencies can cause anemia?
Iron--> 2 to chronic hemorrhage Hypophosphatemic hemolytic anemia-->IV in post parturient cows Water intox--> calves IV osmotic hemolysis
113
What erythropoietic porphyrias cause an accumulation of porphyrin?
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria | Bovine Erythropoietic protoporphyria
114
What is congenital erythropoietic porphyria and what does it do?
Disorder of porphyrin synthesis Red/brown discoloration of teeth/bone/urine Photosentitization Hemolytic anemia
115
What is Bovine Erythropoietic protoporphyria and what does it cause?
Disorder of HEME synthetase | Photsentitization only
116
Who gets Pyruvate Kinase deficiency (PK)?
Basejis Abyssinian Somali DSH
117
What is the consequence of of PK?
glycolytic enzyme= decrease in ATP-->decreased RBC fxn & lifespan-->EV hemolysis=ANEMIA
118
What is the consequence of of PKK?
Dogs: progressive myelofiborsis, Osteosclerosis, hemo derosis Cats: favorablr prognosis, NO osteosclerosis
119
Who gets Phosphofructokinase defcency (PFK)?
English SPringer & Cocker Spaniels
120
What is the consequence of of PFK?
glycolytic enzyme=decreased ATP, Increased fragility under alkaline conditions
121
What is the consequence of of PFK?
NO anemia, chrinic EV hemolysis & marked reticulocytosis, hypervetilation causes alkalemia-->acute IV hemolysis
122
Which (PFK or PK) gives anemia? TQ
``` PK= Anemia PFK= No Anemia ```
123
What causes Equine Granulocytic Erlichiosis? (EGE)
Intracellular BacT Anaplasma phagocytophilum
124
What does EGE casue?
Morulae in Neut cytoplasm | Seasonal Necrotizinf vasculitis
125
What is Leukocyte Adhesion deficiency (LAD)?
Inherited fatal contition | Defeciency of B2 chain of Leuk integrin impairs migration causing Severe Neutrophilia in blood
126
Who gets LAD?
Holstein (BLAD) and Irish Setters
127
What is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome?
CHS inheritied by cow, persians and blue/silver fox
128
What does CHS cause?
Decreased immunity-->neutropenia Platlet dysfxn --> thrombocytopenia -->bleeding Ocular/cutaneous HYPO pigmentation Cytoplasmic inclusions in blood cells
129
What is the infectious agent of potomac horse fever?
Ehrlichia risticii
130
What is the pathogenesis of PHF?
Infects monocytes & enterocytes-->diarrheal Dz
131
What are the 3 main CS of Ehrlichia canis? TQ
Thrombocytopenia Anemia-->non regen from bone marrow hypoplasia Leukopenia
132
What is the pathogenesis of Ehrlichia canis? TQ
Infects mononuclear cells & vascular endothelium -->vasculitis
133
What is hemophagocytic syndrome and who gets it?
Cats and Dogs Prolif of non-neoplastic well differenciated but highly erythrophagic macrophages 2 to cytokines from other dz
134
What is the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic syndrome?
Macs in high # in BM, LN, spleen & liver Cytopenia of 2 or more cell lines Splenomegaly lymphadenopathy & bleeding tendencies
135
What is the eitiology of immune mediated thrombocytopenia?
2 to Infection, drugs, neoplasia or other IM Dz's
136
What is Evans Syndrome?
IMT + IMHA
137
What is infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia?
Anaplasma Platys--> infects platletes and increases destruciton
138
How does BVDV cause thrombocytopenic hemorrhage syndrome?
infects bone marrow megakaryocytes and circulating platelets impairing function.
139
How does FeLV cause thrombocytopenia?
Infects hematopoietic cells causing thrombocytopenia & thrombocytosis, platelets are larger with less fxn. direct cytopathic effects, myelophthisis, & IM destrction
140
What is the primary inherited platelet function disorder?
Chediak-higashi syndrome
141
What is the most common canine hereditary bleeding disorder? TQ
vWD
142
Does vWD cause thrombocytopenia? TQ
NO
143
What are the types of vWD?
Type 1-3
144
What is the pathogenesis of vWD?
Type 1: Low vWF, normal multimer proportions, mild-mod bleeding Type 2: Low vWF Absence of Lrg multimers, Mod-severe bleeding Type 3: Absence of vWF-->severe bleeding
145
What is lymphosarcoma?
diverse group of malignancies arising in lymphoid tissue outside of the bone marrow
146
What coagulation factors are Vit K dependant?
2, 7, 9, 10
147
What is DIC?
A concumptive coagulopathy: continuous activation of both coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways
148
What is the sequele of DIC?
Initial: hypercoagulobilities-->thrombosis & infarction Subsequently: hypocoagulabilities-->hemorrhage
149
What coagulation factors are nonfunctional in hemophilia A & B?
A: VIII (8) B: IX (9)
150
What is the inheritance pattern of hemophilia A & B?
Both are X linked so carrier females are asymptomatic

Path 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions