Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery Clerkship > Hematopathology > Flashcards

Hematopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Differential for non-megaloblastic macrocytosis

A
  • Liver disease
  • Reticulocytosis (due to retics)
  • Myelodysplastic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does a finding of rouleaux on hematopathology represent?

A

High concentration of protein, usually fibrinogen or immunoglobulins

However! There is always rouleaux on the location a drop of blood is placed on the slide initially. So, make sure you look at the whole slide before calling rouleaux.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agglutination

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stomatocytes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acanthocytes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Echinocytes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When you see dacryocytes, you need to check. . .

A

. . . if they are all facing the same direction

If so, it is likely an artifact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blister cells

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hemoglobin C disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hb SC disease

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pappenheimer bodies

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basophilic stippling

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Heinz bodies

A

Note: These are usually visualized with a methylene blue stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cabot ring

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ways to differentiate babesia from malaria

A
  1. Maltese cross formation is always babesia
  2. Babesia will have mostly rings and rarely maltese crosses, but no other intracellular forms – malaria can take a few shapes
  3. Babesia may live extracellularly, so you may catch some parasites outside red cells. Malaria is obligate intracellular.
  4. Travel history! Babesia is common in the US and some parts of Europe. Malaria is across tropical areas, but especially tropical Africa and Asia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Active CD8+ T cells

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Toxic granulation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dohle bodies

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alder-Reilly anomaly

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pelger Huet anomaly

A
  • “Dumbell neutrophils”
  • Acquired form is “pseudo-Pelger-Huet”, which may be in association with myelodysplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chediak Higashi syndrome

A

Visualization of these cells on the smear is diagnostic of the condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Histoplasmosis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichosis

A

Note: Usually only present during the first week of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Large platelet syndromes

A
26
Q

Platelet clumping and satelliting

A
27
Q

Gelatinous transformation

A
28
Q

Parvovirus B19 in bone marrow

A
29
Q

Hemophagocytosis

A
30
Q

Macrophages in lipid storage diseases

A
31
Q

Lymph node medulla

A

Cords: Contain T cells, plasma cells, and macrophages

Sinuses: Contiguous with the efferent lymphatics. Contain a large number of monocytes which filter incoming material.

32
Q

Structure of a secondary follicle

A

Note: Occasionally there is a marginal zone between the mantle and germinal center. This is most common in the spleen. This area houses mature lymphocytes with moderate amounts of pale cytoplasm, including marginal zone B cells.

33
Q

Differentiating cells by nuclei in a germinal center

A
34
Q

Centroblast vs centrocyte

A
  • B cells within a germinal center
    • Centroblast: The replicating B cells with euchromatin, contained within the dark zone
    • Centrocyte: The progeny of the replicating B cells, which migrate to the light zone of the germinal center following division. Here, they interact with DCs and T cells in the light zone to determine if their affinity is sufficient to migrate back to the dark zone and become centroblasts or to become memory B cells.
35
Q

Germinal B cell markers

A
  • Bcl6
  • CD10
36
Q

Follicular DC markers

A
  • CD23
  • CD35
  • CD21
  • CD11b/CD18
37
Q

Follicular helper T cell markers

A
  • CD4
  • CD57
  • PD-1
  • Bcl6
38
Q

Proliferation marker for germinal centers

A

Ki67

39
Q

BCL2 in germinal centers

A

BCL2 is an anti-apoptotic protein found in mature lymphocytes.

It is not present in a benign secondary germinal centers except very scarcely. Mature lymphocytes in the mantle zone will be BCL2 positive.

However, primary germinal centers will express BCL2, as they do not contain any replicating B cells.

As such, malignant follicles may have BCL2 expression AND be positive for B cell markers like CD20, CD10

40
Q

Follicular pattern of lymphoid hyperplasia

A
  • Increase in # and size of LN follicles. Germinal centers may be large and irregularly shaped, but maintain features of benign germinal centers (polarization into light and dark zones, preserved mantle zones, tingible body macrophages.
  • Occurs with:
    • Idiopathic Follicular hyperplasia
    • Syphilis
    • HIV lymphadenopathy
    • Castlemann disease
    • Progressive transformation of germinal centers
41
Q

Sinus pattern of lymphoid hyperlasia

A
42
Q

Tingible body macrophages

A
43
Q

Partacortical hyperplasia

A
  • Expansion of the paracortical space between follicles. Heterogeneous population of small lymphocytes, larger immunoblasts, and immunoblasts is present.
  • Can be seen in:
    • EBV lymphadenitis
    • HSV lymphadenitis
    • Granulomatous lymphadenitis
    • Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy
    • Drug reaction
    • Toxoplasmosis
44
Q

CD10

A
  • Function: Cell membrane metalloprinteinase
  • In T cells and B cells: Marker of a follicular cell. Can help identify TfH and follicular B cells
  • Mature neutrophils (but not immature)
45
Q

Progressive transformation of germinal centers

A
46
Q

Follicular lysis

A
47
Q

Paracortical hyperplasia

A
48
Q

Sinus histiocytosis

A
49
Q

Bartonella hensleae lymphadenitis OR lymphogranulosum venereum (L1-3 serotype chlamydia) lymphadenitis

A
50
Q

Bacillary angioatosis

A
51
Q

Syphilis lymphadenitis

A
52
Q

Toxoplasma lymphadenitis

A
53
Q

Epithelioid histiocytes

A

Look like islands of epithelial tissue in a lymph node, marrow, or stroma, but then when you look closer they are macrophages

54
Q

Progression of HIV lymphadenitis

A
55
Q

Birbeck granules

A
  • Tennis-racket-shaped granules found only in Langerhans cells
  • Visualized by electron microscopy
56
Q

Secondary HLH

A
  • Commonly associated with hematologic malignancies, in particular NK/T cell neoplasms. It is only rarely reported in association with other cancers.
  • Acute HIV infection has been implicated in the development of HLH, but typically in the setting of other acute infections or HIV associated lymphomas, especially EBV related lymphoproliferative processes
  • May be seen in up to 60% of patients with sepsis
57
Q

Virus most associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis?

A
  • Epstien-Barr virus
58
Q

Reed Sternberg (classical and non-classical) immunophenotype

A
59
Q

Richter syndrome / Richter transformation

A

A transformation of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or hairy cell leukemia into a fast-growing diffuse large B cell lymphoma

60
Q

Oncocytic morphology

A

An oncocyte is an epithelial cell characterized by an excessive number of mitochondria, resulting in an abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm

61
Q

CLL hereditary risk

A

VERY strong hereditary prevalence of CLL

62
Q

Why is it not uncommon to see minor thrombocytosis in anemia?

A

EPO has some activity at the TPO receptor as well

Surgery Clerkship (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions