Hematopathology Flashcards
hematopathology is the study of what
diseases of res blood cells, white blood cells and coagulated disorders
what is hematopoiesis?
process of stem cells coming from the bone marrow to make blood cells
what is hemoglobin?
hemoglobin is the gram percentage of red blood cells in blood
what is hematocrit?
the percentage of red blood cells in blood
when should you be worried about the hemoglobin range?
7g or lower patient should not be moved out of the bed
anemia is?
shortage of red blood cells
what are three mechanisms of anemia
- blood loss
- decreased production of RBC
- increased destruction of RBC- hemolysis
what is the morphology of anemia?
-reticulocyte count
high count= bone marrow is responding to anemia by producing more rbc
low count= production problem
size of RBC
amount of hemoglobin (Hb)
what are reticulocytes?
immature RBCs - In the process of erythropoiesis, develop and mature in the bone marrow, circulate for about a day in the blood stream before developing into mature red blood cells
must know: what numbers of a MCV make a microcyte
mcv <80fL
must know: what numbers of a MCV make a macrocyte
MCV> 95 fL
what is MCV
mean cell volume
it is the measure of average volume of RBCs
what does MCH mean
mean cell hemoglobin
it is a measurement of the average weight of hemoglobin in individual erythrocytes
what does MCHC mean?
mean cell hemoglobin concentration
it is the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes
must know: what is a normal MCH level?
30 picograms
must know: what is a normal MCV level?
90 fL or 90u3
must know: what is a normal MCHC level?
30 gram/100ml of RBC
what is the mechanism of aplastic anemia
bone marrow failure
what is the mechanisms of anemia in reference to blood loss?
Acute – trauma
Chronic – bleeding from GI pathology or menstruation
what is the mechanisms of anemia in reference to decreased production of RBC?
-Disturbance of stem cells
-Defective heme production
-Defective DNA production
-Destruction of bone marrow
what is the mechanisms of anemia in reference to increased destruction of RBC due to external factors?
Autoimmune
Trauma
Infection
what is the mechanisms of anemia in reference to Increased Destruction of RBCs due to Hereditary Internal Factors?
Hemoglobin structural abnormality
Enzyme deficiencies
what is the normal shape of red blood cells
Round, biconcave, flexible
what shape is a spherocyte shaped red blood cell?
sphere shaped RBC vs round
what shape is a schistocytes shaped red blood cell?
fragmented red blood cells that can take on different shapes