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clin med > Functional anatomy of the cerebrum > Flashcards

Functional anatomy of the cerebrum Flashcards

neuroscience exam 3

1
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe

A

motor control
speech
emotions
cognition
executive functions

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2
Q

what is the function of the partial lobe

A

detecting and interpreting sensations from the body

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3
Q

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

hearing
smell
emotions
memory

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4
Q

what are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

detecting and interpreting visual information

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

what are the boundaries of the frontal lobe?

A

-central sulcus of Rolando
- lateral/sylvain fissure

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7
Q

the frontal lobe functions in order by:

A

abstract reasoning
working memory
perspective taking
planning
insight
organization
sequencing
temporal order

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8
Q

what re the sulci and gyro of the frontal lobe

A

superior frontal gyrus
superior frontal sulcus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal sulcus
inferior frontal gyrus
precentral gyrus

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9
Q

where is the primary motor cortex located

A

precentral gyrus

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10
Q

what occurs in the precentral gyrus?

A

pryamindial neurons arise from layer 5 of the cerebral cortex

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11
Q

the somatotropin map occurs where?

A

motor homunculus

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12
Q

what is the functions of the primary motor cortex

A

exception of motor plans and voluntary movements.
contains upper motor neurons that control the contralateral body movements

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13
Q

where is the supplementary motor cortex located?

A

-anterior to the primary motor cortex
-superior and medial frontal lobe
- posterior region of the superior frontal gyrus

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14
Q

what is the function of the supplementary motor cortex?

A

programming sequences of movements and coordinating bilateral movements.

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15
Q
A
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15
Q

where is the premotor cortex located?

A

anterior to the primary motor cortex
lateral aspect of the frontal lobe
* posterior portion of the middle and inferior frontal gyrus

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16
Q

what is the function of the premotor cortex?

A

planning more complex task related processes

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17
Q

where are the frontal eye fields located?

A

anterior to the premotor cortex on the lateral surface of the frontal lobes

*posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus

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18
Q

what are the functions of the frontal eye fields?

A

control contralateral eye movements
- project to the contralateral paramedic potion reticular formation.
- help to fix in front of the face and control conjugate eye movements

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19
Q

where is the brocas area located?

A

anterior to the primary motor cortes and premotor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere.
in the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus

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20
Q

what is the function of the brocas area

A

speech production (motor speech areas)

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21
Q

what is the right hemispheres “brocas” area called?

A

par triangularis (controlling of emotional expressions of speech ie. tone, inflection, and cadence)

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22
Q

where is the prefrontal cortex located?

A

large portions of the lateral and medial aspects of the frontal lobe.

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23
Q

what are the functions of the prefrontal cortex?

A

higher order processes that integrate sensory motor and limbic systems.

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24
Q

where is the medial orbit frontal cortex?

A

inferior and medial aspects of the frontal lobe

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25
Q

what are the functions of the medial orbitofrontal cortex?

A

a. planning
b. decision making
c. reward learning
d. behavior
e.emotional reaction
f. subjective feeling state
g. personality

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26
Q

what are the consequences if you have a session to your medial orbitofrontal cortex?

A

disinhibited and socially inappropriate behaviors, impulsivity, stimulus bound behaviors.

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27
Q

people with frontal lobe disfunction may show signs of?

A

perseveration
motor impresistence/ distractibility
inability to suppress inappropriate behaviors
frontal release signs
abulia
changes in personality or judgement
reduced logic and abstraction

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28
Q

what are the partial lobe sulci and gyri

A

superior partial lobule
intraparietal sulcus
inferior parietal lobule
supra marginal gyrus (Smg)
Angular gyrus (ag)
postcentral gyrus

29
Q

what are parietal lobe gyrus and sulci?

A

Superior parietal lobule
Intraparietal sulcus
Inferior parietal lobule
Supramarginal gyrus (Smg)
Angular gyrus (Ag)
Postcentral gyrus

30
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex located

A

post central gyrus

31
Q

what does the post central gyrus receive

A

Receives thalamocortical inputs to layer IV of the cerebral cortex

32
Q

the somatic map for the primary somatosensory cortex is in the ?

A

somatosensory homunculus

33
Q

What are the functions of the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

detects somatosensory information
receives the information from the contralateral side of the body

34
Q

where is the parietal association cortex

A

superior partial lobule

35
Q

what are the functions of the parietal association cortex

A

interprets sensations
Integrates and analyzes sensory and motor input
Detects emotions in faces
Involved in solving mathematical operations

36
Q

where is the precuneus located?

A

medial aspect if the parietal lobe immediately anterior to the cuneus in the occipital lobe

37
Q

what are the functions of the precuneus?

A

involved in memory recollection and retrieval perception of the environment, visual spatial imagery, and emotional responses to pain

38
Q

what are the sulci and gyro of the temporal lobe

A

Superior temporal gyrus
superior temporal sulcus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal sulcus
inferior temporal gyrus

39
Q

where is the wernkies area located?

A

posterior aspect of the left superior temporal gyrus

40
Q

what is the function of the wernickies area?

A

speech and language comprehension (sensory speech area)

41
Q

what does the associated right hemisphere area do in comparison to the wernickes area?

A

involved in recognizing affected elements of speech

42
Q

what is a brocas aphasia caused by?

A

caused by sessions effecting the brocas areas
example infarct of the middle cerebral artery

43
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of Broca aphasia?

A

results in decreased fluency with short phrase length and grammatical errors.

44
Q

what causes a wernickes aphasia?

A

session to the wernickes area
example infarct to the middle cerebral artery

45
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of wernickes aphasia?

A

impairments in comprehension of speech including difficulty answering questions or following commands (apraxia) and nonsensical speech.

46
Q
A
46
Q

where in the temporal lobe is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

superior transverse temporal gyrus (heschls)

47
Q

what sis the function of the primary auditory cortex?

A

auditory perception and processing

48
Q

where is the fusiform gyrus located

A

medial to the interior temporal gyrus

49
Q

what is the function of the fusiform gyrus?

A

visual association
object face place recognition

50
Q

The right fusiform gyrus is involved in?

A

face recognition

51
Q

where is the parahippocamapal gyrus located?

A

inferior and medial aspect of the temporal lobe
external demarcation of the hippocampal formation

52
Q

what is the functions of the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

memory formation and olfaction

53
Q

what cortex is involved in the memory portion of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

entorhinal cortex

54
Q

what cortex is involved in the smell portion of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

primary olfactory cortex

55
Q

where is the uncus located?

A

inferior and medial aspect of the temporal lobe, medial to the parahippocampal gyrus
External demarcation of the amygdala

56
Q

what are the functions of the uncus

A

memory formation and processing, regulating emotions, and olfaction

57
Q

where is the cuneus located

A

superior to calcarine sulcus

57
Q

what does the calcimine sulcus do ?

A

divides the occipital lone into the cuneus and lingual gyrus

58
Q

what is the function of the cuneus gyrus

A

receives visual information from the lower contralateral visual field

59
Q

where is the lingual gyrus located?

A

inferior to calcarine sulcus

60
Q

what is the function of the lingual gyrus?

A

receives visual information from the upper contralateral visual field

61
Q

where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

posterior portion of the occipital lobe

62
Q

what is the function of the primary visual cortex?

A

perception of visual information

63
Q

where is the cingulate gyrus located?

A

surrounds the corpus callosum

64
Q

what are the functions of the cingulate gyrus

A

-directs attention and behavior in response to pain and emotions (salience network)

-Reward-based decision making
-Communicates with the insula to process internal and external states of the body

-Generates prediction about expected state of body and compares that with actual sensations of the body

65
Q

where is the cingulate sulcus

A

superior to the cingulate gyrus and separates it from the frontal and parietal lobes

66
Q

where is the insula located?

A

deep to the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
separate at the lateral fissure

67
Q

what are the functions of the insula?

A

body self-awareness and conscious experience of bodily sensation

Receives visceral sensory input (homeostatic/ physiological state of the body)
Generates internal representation of visceral sensation (interoception)

Integrates visceral sensation with emotional state (via amygdala and basal forebrain input) and cognitive processes (via frontal cortex input)

clin med (19 decks)

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