Hematology Exam 5 Flashcards by Amber Wilder

Advantage vs Disadvantage:
Are the following advantages of automated or manual?

Speed
Accuracy
Precision
Small blood volume

Automated

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Advantage vs Disadvantage:
Are the following advantages of automated or manual?

Low cost
Fewer artifacts and spurious results

Manual

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TRUE or FALSE:

Fewer spurious results and artifacts are seen with automated testing

FALSE

Manual testing has fewer spurious results and artifacts

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Impedence and light scatter are types of ____________

Automation

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Detects and measures changes in electrical resistance between two electrodes as cells pass through a sensing aperture.

Electronic impedance

aka

Current impedance

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This automation method gives an initial 3 part differential (lymphs, mono-nucleated cells, and granulocytes)

Electronic impedance

aka

Current impedance

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Cell counting:

The longer the current is disrupted, the ________ the cell.

The longer the current is disrupted, the BIGGER the cell.

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Cell counting:

The frequency at which the current is disrupted = ?

The frequency at which the current is disrupted = # OF CELLS

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What are the ways cells are counted and sized based on the degree and nature of light scatter?

*-Absorption of light
Diffraction
Refraction
Reflection**

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DEFINITION:

Bending around corners of the surface of a cell

Diffraction

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DEFINITION:

Bending because of a change in speed

Refraction

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DEFINITION:

Backward scatter of rays caused by cellular obstruction

Reflection

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LIGHT SCATTER:

What does 0 degree scatter tell us?

*Cell volume - how big the cell is
Diffraction of light**

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LIGHT SCATTER:

10 degrees

Forward high angle cellular complexity

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LIGHT SCATTER:

90 degrees

Degree of internal complexity (lobularity)

-Refraction and reflection of light

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LIGHT SCATTER:

90 degrees depolarized

Cellular granularity

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LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle tells us the cells volume/how big the cell is?

0 degrees

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LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle tells us the cells complexity?

10 degrees

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LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle tells us the lobularity of a cell?

90 degrees

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LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle tells us the cellular granularity?

90 degrees deploarized

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LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle is the diffraction of light?

0 degrees

LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle is the refraction of light?

90 degrees

LIGHT SCATTER:

What angle is the reflection of light?

90 degrees

TRUE or FALSE:

Increasing the number of RBCs counted produces a decreased precision

FALSE

Increased counted RBCs increases the precision

This reticulocyte parameter is used to determine the need for transfusion.

**Immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF)**

What is the immature reticulocyte fraction?

**A ratio of immature reticulocytes to the total reticulocytes in a sample**

What is the range for reticulocyte hemoglobin content?

**28.2 - 36.6 pg**

What does the reticulocyte hemoglobin content tell us?

**Snapshot of iron availability**

What is included in the power supply of analyzers?

**-Pneumatics: compressed air operates pinch valves and vacuum pulls cells through orifices** **-Electronics:**

What does the diluter do on analyzers?

* *-Primary operating system - Mixes, transports, pipettes, lyses, and senses**

What is the DMS?

**Data management system** * *-Computer for the analyzer - Displays, stores, and transmits information to printer - Send results to laboratory information system (LIS)**

WBC histogram: 35-90 fL

**Lymphs**

WBC histogram: 90-160 fL

**Mononuclear cells**

WBC histogram: 160-450 fL

**Granulocytes**

Platelet histogram: What is the range for particles measured?

**2-20 fL**

What is counted in the RBC bath?

**RBCs and platelets**

What is the dilution of the RBC bath?

**1:6250**

What happens in the WBC bath?

**WBC count and hemoglobin is measured**

What is the dilution of the WBC bath?

**1:251 then lyse is added**

TRUE or FALSE: Three apertures count cells. At least 2 out of 3 have to agree.

**TRUE**

What are used as blanks for measurements on analyzers?

**Isoton and lyse reagent**

What tests are directly measured on analyzers?

**WBC RBC HGB PLT**

NRBCs are counted as what on analyzers?

**WBCs**

How is MCV measured?

**Through pulse height**

Coulter Principle: What cell size is counted as a WBC?

**\>35fL**

Coulter Principle: What cell size is counted as an RBC?

**\>36fL**

What type of hemoglobin is measured on analyzers?

**Cyanmethemoglobin**

Calculation for hematocrit

**RBC x MCV \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **10**

Calculation for MCH

**MCH/RBC**

Calculation for MCHC

**HGB/HCT**

Calculation for CV

**SD \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **MEAN x 100**

What is the range in size for platelet counts?

**2-20 fL**