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Internal Medicine > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

4 Sites of hematopoiesis

A

Yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow

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2
Q

2 heme precursors

A

Succinyl CoA

Glycine

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3
Q

Source of energy by the RBC

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

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4
Q

Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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5
Q

Last stage of RBC with a nucleus

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

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6
Q

Premature RBCs, increased in hemolysis

A

Reticulocyte

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7
Q

Hemoglobin with 2 alpha, 2 beta chains

A

Adult hemoglobin

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8
Q

Hemoglobin with 2 alpha, 2 gamma chains

A

Fetal hemoglobin

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9
Q

Transfers iron in the blood

A

Transferrin

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10
Q

Stores iron in the liver

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

For additional iron storage

A

Hemosiderin

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12
Q

Release histamine and heparin, involved in allergies

A

Basophils

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13
Q

Process that requires glycoprotein 1b and von willebrand factor

A

Platelet adhesion

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14
Q

Process that requires glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and fibrinogen

A

Platelet aggregation

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15
Q

Smallest Ig

A

IgG

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16
Q

Largest Ig

A

IgM

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17
Q

Ig involved in allergies and parasitic infections

A

IgD

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18
Q

Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as sky blue cytoplasmic puddles

A

Dohle bodies

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19
Q

Distinctive needle-like azurophilic granules found in myeloblasts

A

Auer rods

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20
Q

Small lymphocytes disrupted in the proces of making smears

A

Smudge cells

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21
Q

Large cells with multiple nuclei or a single nucleus with multiple lobes

A

Reed-sternberg cells

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22
Q

Cells found in adult T-cell lymphoma which appears to have multi-lobulated nuclei

A

Cloverleaf or flower cells

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23
Q

Deatructive plasma cell tumors involving axial skeletons

A

Plasmacytoma

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24
Q

Fiery red cytoplasm

A

Flame cells

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25
Q

Pink globular cytosplasmic inclusions

A

Russel bodies

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26
Q

Blue globular cytoplasmic inclusions

A

Dutcher bodies

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27
Q

M proteins causing RBCs to stick in linear arrays

A

Rouleaux conformation

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28
Q

Erythroblasts with iron-laden mutichondria visible as perinuclear granules

A

Ringed sideroblast

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29
Q

Neutrophils with only 2 nuclear lobes

A

Pseudo-pelger huet cells

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30
Q

Megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobes or multiple separate nuclei

A

Pawn ball megakaryocytes

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31
Q

Premature release of nucleated erythroid and early granulocyte progenitors

A

Leukoerythroblastosis

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32
Q

Cells that were probably damaged during the birthing process in the fibrotic marrow

A

Teardrop cells or dacrocytes

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33
Q

Pentalaminar tubules, often with a dilated terminal end (tennis racket-like appearance)

A

Birbeck granules

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34
Q

Small yellow brown, brown or rust colored foci in the spleen

A

Gandy-gamma nodules

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35
Q

Dohle bodies

A

Severe infection

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36
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

37
Q

Sea blue histiocytes

A

CML

38
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

39
Q

Reed sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

40
Q

Cloverleaf or flower cells

A

Adult T-cell lymphoma

41
Q

Plasmacytoma

A

Multiple myeloma

42
Q

Flame cells

A

Multiple myeloma

43
Q

Russel bodies

A

Multiple myeloma

44
Q

Dutcher bodies

A

Multiple myeloma

45
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

Multiple myeloma

46
Q

Ringed sideroblasts

A

Sideroblastic anemia

47
Q

Pseudo-Pelger-Huet cells

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

48
Q

Pawn ball megakaryocytes

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

49
Q

Leukoerythroblastosis

A

Primary myelofibrosis

50
Q

Teardrop cells or dacrocytes

A

Primary myelofibrosis

51
Q

Birbeck granules

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

52
Q

Gandy gamna nodules

A

Congestion of the spleen

53
Q

HL vs NHL: associated with HIV and immunosuppression

A

NHL

54
Q

HL vs NHL: multiple peripheral nodes; extranodal involvement common, non-contiguous spread

A

NHL

55
Q

HL vs NHL: low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

HL

56
Q

HL vs NHL: EBV association, bimodal distribution

A

HL

57
Q

Most common type of HL

A

Nodular sclerosis

58
Q

Lacunar variant RS cells is a characteristic of what type of HL

A

Nodular sclerosis

59
Q

HL with best prognosis

A

Lymphocyte rich

Mononuclear varianf RS cells

60
Q

Type of HL that contains popcorn cells

A

Lymphocyte predominant

61
Q

HL with worst prognosis

A

Lymphocyte-depleted

62
Q

Most common type of NHL

A

Diffuse large B cell

63
Q

Translocation on chromosome 8; presents with starry-sky pattern

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

64
Q

Biopsy reveals homogenous population of small lymphocytes; does not have centroblasts and proliferation centers

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

65
Q

Excess light or heavy chains along with complete Ig synthesized by neoplastic plasma cells

A

Bence-Jones proteins

66
Q

Tumor of thymus associated with myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia

A

Thymoma

67
Q

Most important monoclonal gammopathy usually presenting as tumorous masses scattered throughout the skeletal system

A

Multiple myeloma

68
Q

Small hyperchromic RBC lacking central pallor

A

Spherocytes

69
Q

Small dark nuclear remnants in RBCs of asplenic patients

A

Howell-jolly bodies

70
Q

Membrane-bound precipitates on denatured globin chains

A

Heinz bodies

71
Q

RBCs with damaged membranes due to removal of Heinz bodies by splenic macrophages

A

Bite cells

72
Q

RBCs shaped like curved blades

A

Sickle cells

73
Q

Dehydrated RBCs with bull’s eye appearance

A

Target cells (codocytes)

74
Q

Fragmented RBCs; also called helmet cells if cut in half

A

Schistocytes

75
Q

RBCs with spikes

A

Burr cells or echinocytes

76
Q

Spherocytosis

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

77
Q

Howell jolly bodies

A

Asplenia

78
Q

Heinz bodies

A

G6PD deficiency

79
Q

Bite cells

A

G6PD deficiency

80
Q

Target cells

A

Sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

81
Q

Schistocytes

A

RBC trauma, drugs, HUS

82
Q

Burr cells or echinocytes

A

RBC trauma

83
Q

Triad of hemolytic anemia

A

Pallor
Jaundice
Splenomegaly

84
Q

Differentiates intravascular from extravascular hemolysis

A

Presence of splenomegaly jn extravascular hemolysis

85
Q

Autosomal dominant disorder caused by intrinsic defects in the red cell membrane; increased MCHC

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

86
Q

Intracvascular hemolysis due to increased complement-mediated RBC lysis

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal hemoglobinuria

87
Q

Hemolytic anemia seen in DIC, TTP-HUS, SLE, and malignant hypertension

A

Micoangiopathic hemolytic anemia

88
Q

Caused by trauma to RBCs in individuals with cadiac valve prostheses

A

Macroangipathic hemolytic anemia

Internal Medicine (8 decks)

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