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Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is best lab used to correct for degree of anemia?

A

Reticulocyte count

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2
Q

SS of Fe def anemia?

A

PICA, Angular stomatitis with atrophy of tongue. Spooning of nails–> Koilonychia

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3
Q

When should you see an increased Reticulocyte count in response to Oral Fe therapy?

A

7-10 days and increase in H/H in 2-3 weeks

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4
Q

What is responsible for Hydrops Fetalis?

A

Alpha-Thalassemia

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5
Q

Microcytic anemia, Severe anemia with bone changes, Cooper colored skin, Jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly?

A

Beta-Thalassemia

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6
Q

How do you dx Thalassemia?

A

Electrophoresis

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7
Q

Heridatry trait of Sideroblastic anemia?

A

X-Linked Recessive

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8
Q

Mitochondrial defect that prevents the incorporation of iron into Hgb? Iron accumulates in mithochondria around RBC nucleus forming a Ringed….

A

Sideroblast

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9
Q

What differentiates Vit B12 deficiency from Folate (Vit B9) deficiency?

A 
B12 has Neuro sxms
Loss of memory
Paresthesia/numbness in extremities
Dimished position of vibratory sense
Weakness and ataxia
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10
Q

What type of anemia is Folate and Vit B12 def?

A

Macrocytic with low Reticulocyte count

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11
Q

What is a required cofactor for Folate synthesis?

A

Vit B12

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of anemia in the chronically ill pt?

A

AOCD

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13
Q

Labs with AOCD?

A
  • Decreased Reticulocyte count
  • Increased ESR
  • Decreased serum Iron but with increased serum ferritin
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14
Q

Decreased Haptoglobin with intravascular hemolysis?

A

Think Hemolytic Anemia

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15
Q

Coomb’s test is used for

A

Dx of Hemolytic Anemia

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16
Q

Direct Coombs?

A

Detects antibody on red blood cell surface
Detects IgG, IgM, or C3
Used in eval of Acquired hemolytic anemia

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17
Q

Indirect Coombs?

A

Detects antibodies in plasma

Used in cross matching of Blood Pro

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18
Q

Schistocytes?

A

Mechanical distruption of the RBC

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19
Q

Which test is used to diagnose Alpha Thalassemia?

A

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

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20
Q

Cold Autontibody?

A

Usu IgM antibody

Caused by Intravascular hemolysis

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21
Q

Warm autoantibody?

A

Usu IgG antibody

Due to tumor infection or SLE

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22
Q

Heridatary spherocytosis?

A

Congenital Hemolytic Anemia
Autosomal Dominant Disorder
—>Splenomegaly and Spherocytes on periphearl smear

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23
Q

G6PD Deficiency?

A
  • Sex Linked disorder
  • Usu African/Mediterranean
  • Intravascular/Extravascular hemolysis
  • Due to stress-induced hemolysis 2 to Sulfa drugs, antimalarials, Vit K, Infxn, or Fava Beans
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24
Q

Pathoneumoic for G6PD deficiency?

A

Heinz Bodies (Oxidation of Hgb)

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25
Heinz Bodies?
G6PD Defiency
26
Inheretid disorder resulting in prod of defective Hgb Defect in position 6 on the beta chain Very common in Africk Americans?
Sickle Cell Anemia
27
African American with fatigue, pallor, jaundice, Leg ulcers?
Think Sickle Cell Anemia
28
What is diagnostic with Sickle Cell?
Hgb Electrophoresis HbS
29
Hydroxyurea?
Anti-sickling agent
30
Sickle Cell Trait?
Heterozygotes are carriers
31
Target Cells on peripheral smear?
Sickle Cell Anemia
32
Pancytopenia wiht bone marrow hypocellularity?
Aplastic Anemia
33
Asymptomatic Pancytopenia?
Aplastic Anemia
34
Most common Leukemia in childhood and uncommon in Adults?
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
35
Child with Abrupt onset of fatigue, malaise, bone pain, sweats, bleeding and easy bruising (pallor, petechiae, ecchymoses)?
Think ALL
36
Tx for ALL?
Chemo | CNS proph with intrathecal methotrexate or brain XRT, Bone marrow transp.
37
Lyphocytosis, Lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly in elderly men?
Think CLL | -Enlarged cervical LN later splenomegaly
38
Smudge Cells?
CLL
39
First line for CLL?
Chlorambucil
40
Auer Rods?
Pathognomic for AML
41
Tx for AML?
Daunomycinand Cytarabine No CNS proph needed
42
Philadepadelphia Chromosone?
Patho for CML
43
Marked splenomegaly with fatigue, wt loss, night sweats and fatigue in older person?
Think CML
44
Lymphocytes with hairlike, cytoplasmic projections?
Hairy Cell Leukemia
45
Malignant disorder of the Lymphatic system that affects the Lymph Nodes? -Bimodal dsitribution (second, third decades and and after 50)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma May have after a Epstein-Barr virus? With Localized firm, Freely mobile and non-tender.
46
Chronic pruritis and disulfiram-like reaction after drinking alcohol?
Think Hodgkins Lymphoma
47
Reed Sternberg Cells
Think Hodgkins
48
Reed Sternberg Cells?
Larger, Binucleated cells with prominent nucleoli
49
Tx for Hodgkins Lymphoma
Get CT of chest too XRT / Chemo 85% CURABLE with tx
50
Solid Tumor of immune, 90% B cell in origin?
Hon-Hodgkin Lymphoma
51
Chest pain, cough, SVC, Abd and back pain, Spinal cord compression?
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
52
Most common presentatoin in Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma?
Cervical, axillary, or inguinal region. Nodes firm, non-tender with size > 1.0 CM Need Bx
53
Multiple Myeloma?
Neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of Plasma (B Cells
54
Bone pain, weakness, fatigue, hypercalcemia, M proteins in urine? Punched out bone lesions?
MM Compresion and path fxrs common
55
Dx of MM?
Serum protien electrophoresis
56
IgM protien and Bence Jones Protein
MM
57
Tx for MM?
Chemo with Melphalan and Prednisone | Autologous stem cell transplantiation
58
Hemophilia A?
``` Factor VIII Sex Linked Recessive Hemarthroses after trauma Spont CNS bleeds Prolonged PTT PT/Platelets/bleeding time normal Decreased activity of Factor VIII ```
59
Factor VIII deficiency?
Hemophilia A
60
TX fo Hemophilia A?
Avoid asa and other anticoag Factor VIII concentrate FFP/Cryoprecipitate
61
Factor IX disorder?
Hemophilia B
62
Hemophilia B?
Factor IX (Christmas Factor) deficiency
63
Retroperitoneal hematomas?
May be seen in Hem A and B
64
Tx for Hem B?
Factor IX concentrate | FFP/Cryoprecipitate
65
ITP?
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ITP
66
Autoimmune bleeding disorder in which patients develop antibodies against their own platelets
ITP
67
Superficial bleedin of skin, mucous membranes or GU tract?
ITP
68
TX ITP
Usu self limited | Avoid all drugs tha cause Thrombocytopenia
69
Drugs that worsen Thrombocytopenia?
Sulfa, quinine, PCN, furosemide, phenytoin, cimetidine, etc....
70
TTP?
Severe thrombocytpenia, hemolytic anemia and neuro abnormalities Typically with GI S/S such as abd pain and diarrhea ARF common Severe HTN is seen **Neuro abn. Headache, aphasia or stupor
71
Therapy TTP?
Large volume plasmapheresis
72
Vw disease?
Platelet fxn disorder | Vw protein normally binds to Factor VIII delivering it to sites of coag and preventing its clearance from ciruclation
73
What so bad about VW disease?
Cant form platelet plug
74
Vw deficiency Sxms?
Easy bruising and mucosal surface bleeding Worse after NSAID or Asp use Menorrhagia
75
Tx for Vw?
Factor VIII concentrate | DDAVP (synthetic analog of ADH)-->induces release of VWF
76
DIC?
Coagulation factors activated and degraded at the same TIME. Triggered by endothelial cell inury or release of tissue factore that activate the coag cascade
77
SS DIC?
Bleeding Bleeding from skin/mucous membranes Small purpuric to large ecchymoses Thrombic events can cause gangrenous ditits and nose, and hemm necrosis of skin
78
TX for DIC?
FFP/Platelets/IV heparin for thromboses
79
Fatigue, Nausea, Abdominal fullness
Classic CML
80
BCR/ABL on Peripheral Smear
CML

PANRE (14 decks)

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