Endocrine Flashcards
What 2 hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary?
Oxytocin and ADH
What is Sheehan’s syndrome?
Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion during or after childbirth
How do Glitazones work?
They improve Insulin Sensitivity
Large dough hands?
Gigantism
Diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of which hormome?
Vasopressin (ADH)
What is more potent, T3 or T4?
T3 3-4 X
What is first line tx for Pheochromocytoma?
Alpha blocker, you should never use a pure beta blocker
Best imaging for a thyroid nodule?
US
Pt wtih ED and complains of numbness in feet. Also with significant polyuria and polydipsia?
Diabetic Neuropathy
Pretibial myxedema?
Grave’s Disease
A 35 year old presents with heat intolerance, wt loss and palpatatoins?
Think Hyperthyroidism
Most common cause of Cushing’s?
Pituitary Adenoma
First line tx for pt who presents with palpatations and nervousness 2 to hyperthyroidism?
BB
Hashimoto’s Disease?
An autoimmune casue of hypothyroidism
How does Levothyroxine work?
Help convert T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism, TSH?
Decreased
How do fibrates work to affect the lipid profile?
They inhibit synthesis of VLDL and elevate lipoprotein lipase
Med might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a pt with hyperthyroidism?
Methiamzole or PTU
Whipple’s Triad of hypoglycemia?
Hypoglycemia
< 40
immediate recovery upon administration of glucose
Positive antithyroid peroxidase antithyroglobulin antibodies should make you think of?
Hashimoto’s
Tx for Myxedema?
Levothyroxine and slow warming
Most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Post thyroidectomy with the complicatioin of Parathyroidectomy
Chvostek’s Sign?
Tap on facial nerve and get a twitch with low Ca
Cortical adrenal insufficency is also known as?
Addison’s Disease
Trousseau’s sign?
Infalte BP cuff and hold for 3 minutes. Pt with low Ca will get carpal tunnel symptoms
In Cushing’s is ACTH elevated or decreased?
Elevated
Breathing pattern with Diabetic Ketoacidosis?
Kussmaul’s
2 tests to rule out Cushing’s syndrome?
24 hour free cortisol urine test
Dexamethasome suppression test
2 Ectopic tumors that may produce ACTH and giva a pt Cushing’s syndrome?
-Small cell lung Ca
-Pancreatic islet cells
Thymomas
Tx for Addison’s?
-Hydrocortisone and Prednisone
Test to begin if you suspect Pheochromocytoma?
24 hour urine cathecholamines
Exopthalmosis should make you think about?
Hyperthyroidism
% of diabetics in US DM2?
80-90%
HLA-DR is the marker for?
DM type I
Main fxn of the Parathyroid hormone?
Increase Serum Ca
4 diagnostic criteria for DM
Random glucose > 200
Fasting Plasma > 126
Two Hour Postprandial Glucose > 200
HgAic . 6.5%`
Moans, groans, stones, describe sxms
Hyperparathyroid
HLA-DR gene is marker for what endocrine disorder?
DM type I
Stocking glove should make you think of?
Diabetic Neuropathy and B12 deficiency
Fruity breath should make you think of?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Dawn Phenomeonon?
Reduced insulin response between 5 and 8 am
Most common cause of hypopituitarism?
Tumor
How does Metformin work?
Decreases the hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral uptake of insulin
Euglycemic
How do Sulfonylureas work?
They stimulate the production of insulin
What class of meds does Pioglitazone fall into?
TZDs
Suffix for sulfonylureas?
-Ide Glipizide, Tolbutamide
What is first med typically started in T2 DM?
MFM
How often should a Diabetics Hgb A1C be checked and what should it be?
Every 3 months (RBC life span 120 days) should keep below 6.5%
What lipid med causes Flushing?
Niacin
Life threatening SE for Statins?
Rhabdomyolysis
Does Niacin increase of decrease HDL?
Increase
What class does MFM fall into?
Bituanide
Is MFM ok to use in Renal failure?
NO
Most common cause of DM1?
Autoimmune destruction of the Islet cells of the pancreas
4 PE for Cushing’s?
Moon face, buffalo hump, purple strai, central obesity, Supraclav fat pads, easy bruising.
During pregnancy which is the preffered agent for hyperthyroidism?
PTU
Preg with DM2?
Take off oral hypoglycemic, start insulin
Most common thyroid cancers?
Papillary