GI part III Flashcards

1
Q

A volvus is….

A

Rotation of bowel looks around a fixed point. May be the cause of a SBO. Typically due to congenital abnormalities or adhesions.

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2
Q

TX of SBO

A
  • NG tube decompression

- If complete or strangulated: Surgery

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3
Q

Most common site of Large Bowel Obstruction?

A

Sigmoid colon

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4
Q

Dx of LBO

A

Abd X ray

Barium Enema

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5
Q

What is Toxic Megacolon?

A

A rare life threatening form of Ulcerative Colitis

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6
Q

SS of Toxic Megacolon?

A

Toxic colitis, fever, tachycardia, abd distention, signs of peritonitis

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7
Q

Abd X ray shows what with Toxic Megacolon?

A

Dilated colon . 6 cm

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8
Q

Patient presents with severe anal pain and bleeding with defecation, think…?

A

Anal fissure

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9
Q

First line tx for anal fissure?

A

Fluid and Fiber
(stool softeners, bulking agents, and sitz baths)
may require Internal anal Sphincterotomy if conservative measures fail

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10
Q

A patient wiht severe continuous throbbing anal pain that is worse with ambulation and straining and on exam you see a very tender palpable mass in the external perianal area, think of?

A

Anorectal Abscess/fistula

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11
Q

Tx of Anorectal Abcess/Fistula

A

Surgical Drainage, may develop a fistula-in-ano

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12
Q

What 2 things that an anal fissure off midline might suggest?

A

Crohn’s, Syphillis, HIV, Neoplasm

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13
Q

Abcess in Sacrococcygeal cleft?

A

Pilonidal disease

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14
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome is also known as a…?

A

Gastrinoma

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15
Q

Diagnosis of Celiac Disease?

A

Endoscopic Bx

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16
Q

Abdominal exam with pain out of proportion to exam, think?

A

Intestinal Ischemia

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17
Q

Painless bright red blood per Rectum, you shoud think?

A

Hemorrhoids

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18
Q

What is more painful? Internal or External Hemorrhoids?

A

External (Below dentate line) painful

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19
Q

Dx of Hemorrhoids

A

Anoscopy

20
Q

male 15-40 presenting with small midline pits or abscesses near the midline of the coccyx or sacrum with a draining abcess think of?

A

Pilonidal disease

21
Q

Polyps most common in the….?

A

distal colon and rectum, dx with colonoscopy

they have neoplastic potential

22
Q

2 types of Hiatal hernias?

A

Paraesophageal and Sliding

23
Q

Sliding Hiatal Hernias are due to

A

decreased resting pressure in the LES

24
Q

Paraesophageal hiatal hernias are often asymptomatic but require?

A

Nissen Fundoplication

25
Q

Risk factors for a Ventral Hernia?

A
  • Prior Abd surgery
  • Poor surg technique
  • wond infxh
  • age
  • obesity
26
Q

2 types of Inguinal Hernias?

A

1) Indirect

2) Direct

27
Q

Indirect hernias are typically?

A

2 to congenital hernias and typically present in the first year of life.

28
Q

What is more likely to pass into the scrotum, Direct or Indirect hernias?

A
  • Indirect Hernia
29
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernias?

A

Occur later in life, when increased intra-abdominal pressure and dilated internal inguinal ring allow abdominal contents to enter the cavity

30
Q

Direct Hernias?

A

2 to a result of weakness of the transversalis fascia in Hesselbach’s Triangle

31
Q

What is more likely to become incarcerated or strangulated, Direct or Indirect?

A

Indirect

32
Q

Hernia that appears as a symmetric, circular swelling at the external ring but dissapears when pt supine is…..

A

Direct Hernia

33
Q

Indirect hernias

A

Descends into the scrotum, elliptical swelling in inguinal ring that does not reduce easily

34
Q

Most common vessel blocked in Intestinal Ischemia?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

35
Q

2 viral organisms of Infx diarrhea?

A

Rotavirus and Norwalk

36
Q

Nausea, vomitting, abdominal pain, then diarrhea s/p 1-6 hours after eating Mayonnaise containing foods?

A

Staph Aureus–self limiting, supportive care

37
Q

Wattery diarrhea with epigastric pain 24 hours after eating canned foods—resolves in 24 hours?

A

Clostridium perfringens–self limiting

38
Q

Severe diarrhea and fluid loss after drinking bad water or seafood—-RICE water diarrhea?

A

Vibrio Cholerae: Abx–Doxycycline or TCN agents of choice

39
Q

Abd pain, fever, small volume bloody diarrhea associated with Poultry, Seafood, daycare centers?

A

Sigella species: Trimeth-Sulfa or Floroquinolones—lasts about 7 days

40
Q

High fever, diarrheak, abd pain s/p eating poultry, eggs, playing with reptiles?

A

Salmonella species: Third gen cephalo or fluoroquinolones

41
Q

Severe diarrhea, abd pain, N and V s/p eating undercooked beef (Burger etc)

A

E coli (0157:H7)

42
Q

Name a protozoal infectious diarrhea–bad water?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica: Treat with Metronidazole

43
Q

Prozoal water with animal vector like beaver–diarrhea with mucus but no blood?

A

Giardia Lamblia: Treat with Metronidazole

44
Q

Niacin or B3 deficiency?

A

Pellagra (flushing, hyperglycemia, liver damage)

45
Q

Beriberi is?

A

Thiamine (B1) deficiency: Lethargy, Ataxia

46
Q

PKA

A

Phenylketonuria: An inborn error of metabolism-autosomal recessive
If untreated, can cause severe mental retardation, hyperactivity, seizures, light complexion and eczema

47
Q

Positive Fecal Leukocyte indicates

A

Colonic inflammation: inflammatory diarrhea. Shigela, salmonella, D Diff, etc……