HEMATOLOGY 2 LAB FINAL Flashcards
Baby/Kiddie Lymphocytes
10 to 20um, scant cytoplasm, condensed homogenous chromatin, may have small distinct nucleoli
Nucleated RBC correction Forumula
WBC count x 100/ 100+ NRBC
What is Pelger-Huet Anomaly?
Results in hypo segmentation of the granulocyte nucleus
2 forms: True (inherited)
Pseudo Pelger-huet (acquired)
Heterozygous Pelger-Huet Anomaly Forms
Bi-lobed (pince-nez), dumbbell, peanut shape. Round forms may be present
Homozygous Pelger-Huet Anomaly Forms
Rare form, round forms predominate
What conditions is Pseudo-Pelger Huet found in?
- Seen in myeloproliferative, and acute leukemias
- May also be seen in acute infections, drug treatments, burns
What is May-Hegglin anomaly?
Rare syndrome characterized by leukopenia, giant platelets and dohle bodies
What are Dohle Bodies composed of?
Dole bodies of May-Hegglin are composed of precipitated myosin heavy chain. True dole bodies seen in bacterial infections are composed of lamellar rows of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Pelger-Huet Anomaly caused by?
Caused by lamin b receptor mutation
Chediak-Higashi symptoms
Susceptible to infections, partial albinism, all cells may have abnormal granules
Chediak-Higashi PBS
Presence of large pale blue/grey abnormal cytoplasmic granules in cells
Alder-Reilly Anomaly Granules Composition
partially degraded mucopolysaccharide from enzyme deficiency
Alder-Reilly PBS findings
deep purple granules in neutrophils
What are dole bodies caused by?
Maturation cut short, resulting in RNA material within the cell
What conditions are toxic granules found?
found in bacterial infections, drug poisoning and burns
Key Identifying Features of Toxic Granules
Prominent-blue grey granules in the cytoplasm, unevenly distributed
Key Identifying Features of Dohle Bodies
Pale blue, round or elongated bodies found in the cytoplasm
Where are reactive lymphocytes found?
Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, viral influenza and hepatitis A + B
Toxic Vacuolation caused by?
Phagocytosis
Toxic Vacuolation key identifying features
Unstained circular area, usually within the cytoplasm
Toxic Vacuolation is associated with what conditions?
Bacterial or fungal infection, poisoning burns, chemotherapy, artifact
Reactive Lymphocytes key identifying features
Marked variability in cell size, shape, nuclear chromatin and amount of cytoplasm. Nucleoli are often present. Cytoplasm may be indented by adjacent red cells.
Myeloblast Key Identifying Features
High nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, no granules, 2-5 nucleoli
Promyelocyte Key Identifying Features
primary granules many reds to purple that overlap nucleus, no secondary granules
Myelocyte Key Identifying Features
Round to oval to one side, flattened near Golgi body
Metamyelocyte Key Identifying Features
Kidney shaped, indentation <50% width of nucleus
Band Neutrophil Key Identifying Features
The indentation of the nucleus is more than 50%, chromatin is seen in the thinnest part
Segmented Neutrophil Key Identifying Features
2-5 lobes, no visible chromatin in the thinnest filaments
Eosinophil Key Identifying Features
2-3 lobes, pink/orange staining granules
Basophil Key Identifying Features
Dark staining purple to black granules overlapping the nucleus
Auer Rods Key Identifying Features
Pink or red-stained needle-shaped structures seen in the cytoplasm of myeloid cells
How are auer rods formed?
Fusion of primary granules
L1 Lymphoblasts Key Identifying Features
Little cytoplasm, no or inconspicuous nucleoli with a round nucleus, homogenous appearance between cells
L2 Lymphoblasts Key Identifying Features
Greater amount of cytoplasm, larger prominent nucleoli when present, great heterogeneity, basophilia, nuclear clefting/indentation
L3 Lymphoblasts Key Identifying Features
Prominent cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolation. Intense basophilic cytoplasm and large prominent vesicular nucleoli.
Washed-out/Degranulated cytoplasm features + cause
Secondary granules appear dissolved due to increased water solubility in staining process
Smudge Cells
These are cells that are easily damaged in the process of making a PBS. The nucleus may be a smudge, chromatin strands may be spread out, the cytoplasm is either absent or indistinct
Hairy Cells
Cytoplasm with gray-blue hairlike projections, seen in HCL (hairy cell leukemia)
Prolymphocyte
Round or indented nucleus, usually prominent single nucleolus, light blue cytoplasm
Seen in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders aka CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
Sezary Cell
Overlapping nucleus (abnormal shape), seen in sezary syndrome
Plasma Cell
Eccentric nucleus, blue cytoplasm, presence of clear area around the nucleus
Seen in plasma cell dyscrasias (multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia)
Immature Plasma Cell
Large cell with light blue cytoplasm, distinct nucleoli, fine chromatin
Seen in Plasma Cell Leukemia
Promonocyte
Smaller than monoblast, with less abundant cytoplasm, the nucleus is lobulated or delicately folded, chromatin is less condensed
Seen in myelodysplastic syndromes
Monoblast
Large cells, round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm (more than a typical blast aka myeloblast), often see nucleoli
Seen in myelodysplastic syndromes
