Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEMATOLOGY > BODY FLUIDS > Flashcards

BODY FLUIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are serous membranes?

A

Connective tissue containing capillaries, and lymphatics, normally lined a single layer of mesothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are synovial fluids?

A

The viscous fluid which acts as a lubricant between joints (such as shoulder + knee joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the pleural fluid cover & line?

A

Covers lungs and lines the thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the pericardial fluid cover?

A

Covers and surrounds the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is thoracentesis?

A

Aspiration of pleural fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is pericardiocentesis?

A

Aspiration of pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is paracentesis?

A

Aspiration of peritoneal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is arthrocentesis?

A

joint aspiration of synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fluid volume dependent on?

A

Formation, reabsorption and effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is effusion?

A

An increase in fluid between serous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a transudate, and what does it cause?

A
  • Excess fluid due to systemic disease such as congestive heart failure
  • It causes an increase in hydrostatic pressure and decreases in osmotic pressure due to low albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an exudate, and what does it cause?

A
  • Excess fluid due to localized causes such as infection or inflammation
  • Causes an increase in capillary permeability and a decrease in absorption
    Aka known as pus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is malignant mesothelioma?

A

A rare tumor associated with asbestos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What contributes to the deposition of crystals in joints? (5)

A
  • Increasing age
  • Familial predisposition
  • Joint damage
  • Alcoholism/High protein diet
  • Metabolic disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is gout and what does it involve?

A
  • An autosomal dominant, inherited defect in purine metabolism
  • Involves hyperuricemia and deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pseudogout?

A
  • Autosomal recessive inherited defect of inorganic metabolism
  • Involves deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the characteristics of Monosodium Urate Crystals?

A
  • Strongly birefringent
  • Yellow when parallel
  • Blue when perpendicular
  • Needle or rod-shaped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the characteristics of Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate (CPPD) Crystals?

A
  • Weakly birefringent
  • Blue when parallel
  • Yellow when perpendicular
  • Usually needle, rod-shapes, rhomboid or plates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Positive vs Negative Birefringence

A

Positive: appears blue
Negative appears yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A

1) Mechanical protection: acts as a fluid shock absorber and protects from the pressure change
2) Chemical protection: buffers the brain providing a constant chemical environment necessary for proper neuronal signaling
3) Circulation: medium for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

70% is formed by secretion from the choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a choroid plexus?

A

Composed of capillary networks covered by ependymal cells that form CSF from blood plasma by filtration and secretion

23
Q

What tubes for CSF are sent to which lab?

A

Tube 1: Chemistry, serology, immunology
Tube 2: For microbiology
Tube 3: For Hematology

24
Q

What are the CSF microbiology media?

A

Blood and chocolate agar

25
Q

Purpose of lactate test for CSF

A

Represent end products of glucose metabolism; high levels suggest bacterial infection and rule out viral

26
Q

Purpose of Chloride test for CSF

A

Useful in diagnosis of tuberculosis

27
Q

Purpose of Glutamine test for CSF

A

Product of ammonia + alpha-ketoglutarate. In severe liver disease, excess of ammonia can cause coma. Also increased in Reye’s syndrome.

28
Q

Purpose of CK-BB test for CSF

A

Detects brain injury, optimum time of detection is 24-72hrs.

29
Q

Purpose of D-Dimer for CSF

A

Increased in subarachnoid hemorrhage, normal in bloody tap

30
Q

What results indicate a bacterial CSF?

A
  • Elevated WBC count
  • Neutrophils present
  • Marked protein elevation
  • Decreased glucose
  • Elevated lactate
31
Q

What results indicate a viral CSF?

A
  • Elevated WBC count
  • Lymphocytes present
  • Moderate protein elevation
  • Normal glucose & lactate
32
Q

What results indicate a tubercular CSF?

A
  • Elevated WBC count
  • Lymphocytes and monocytes present
  • Moderate to marked protein elevation
  • Decreased glucose
  • Elevated lactate
33
Q

What results indicate a fungal CSF?

A
  • Elevated WBC count
  • Lymphocytes and monocytes present
  • Moderate to marked protein elevation
  • Normal to decreased glucose
  • Elevated lactate
34
Q

Which anticoagulants are suitable for the collection of Serous and Synovial fluids

A

EDTA is recommended (to prevent clotting)

35
Q

What is the main consideration to be aware of when a CSF count is performed on an automated analyzer?

A

The background count must be performed to eliminate the possibility of contaminates being counted as nucleated cells.

36
Q

What is considered a critical finding in serous fluids?

A

Malignant cells

37
Q

What type of diluting fluid is used for Manual WBC count?

A

2% Acetic Acid hemolyzes the red
blood cells

38
Q

What type of diluting fluid is used for Manual RBC count?

A

Saline

39
Q

What type of diluting fluid is used for Manual PLT count?

A

1% Ammonium oxalate

40
Q

What are the preferred microscopes when doing manual cell counts?

A

Neubauer or Brightline, Phase contrast microscope

41
Q

When would you perform a manual WBC count?

A

PBF estimates are considerably lower than automated due to platelet clumps and obtaining a new sample is not feasible. If the analyzer is broken, and the manual is the backup method.

42
Q

The cerebrospinal fluid that is yellow in color is sometimes referred to as

A

Xanthochromic

43
Q

Which of the following would cause a low glucose level in a CSF?

A

Bacterial meningitis

44
Q

Which cells can be seen in a “normal” adult CSF?

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

45
Q

What is indicated if the first tube collected for a CSF specimen is bloody but the remaining tubes are progressively clearer?

A

Traumatic tap

46
Q

What does pleocytosis indicate in a CSF?

A

Increased number of WBC

47
Q

Which fluid is often pre-treated with hyaluronidase?

A

Synovial Fluid

48
Q

In a polarizing microscope, what order should the parts be to demonstrate crystals on a dark background?

A

Light Source, polarizer, crystal, analyzer

49
Q

What does the presence of xanthochromia indicate in CSF?

A

RBC breakdown products

50
Q

What are the primary cells seen in normal Synovial fluid?

A

Monocytes

51
Q

What does birefringence indicate?

A

The ability to refract light in 2 dimensions @ 90 degrees to each other

52
Q

What best describes a Serous Fluid function?

A

Fluid that provides lubrication against each membrane surface

53
Q

When would NRBCs be seen in a CSF?

A

Bone Marrow Contamination

HEMATOLOGY (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions