Hematology 2 Flashcards
normal RBC count
males : 14 g/100 ml
females : 12
what causes anemia?
acute or chronic loss of blood
destruction or abnormal production of erthocytes
hemolysis or destruction of erthocytes
iron deficiency anemia
caused by blood loss or not enough iron
symptoms: SOB
palpations
dizziness
fathigue
CHF
pallor
spoon nail
symptoms of anemia
lethargy
fatigue
depression
pallor
headache
chest pain
SOB
weakness
intolerance to cold
lots of other things impaired
pernicious anemia
caused by low vitamin 12 due to intrinsic factors
symptoms: lots of infections
bleeding
irritability
blurry vision, GI issues
solved by shots of vitamin 12
ELDERY AT RISK FOR THIS
folic acid deficiency ( ON TEST)
caused by poor nutrition like alcholics
the RBC are bigger
signs: high infections
bleeding/brusing
irrability
GI kidney and cardiac issues
sickle cell anemia
causes : hereditary
defect of hemogoblin synthesis “sickle shaped”
signs: short life
painful episodes
organ disfunction
blind
stroke
necrosis
YOUNG AFRICAN AMERICANS AT RISK
polcythemia
excess RBC in bone marrow
signs : short life
blind
joint inflammation
decreased mental activity
cyanosis and clubbing
weight loss
leukocytposis
increased WBC production
caused by infection, trauma, hemorage, necrosis, inflammation, streoid therapy
signs: fever, headache, SOB, systemic or local infection
leukopenia
decreased WBC production
caused by : infection, nutrittion, alc use, drugs, connective tissue disorders
signs:
fever, chills, sweating, sore throat , cough, painful and frequent urination
acute lymp leukemia
severe and sudden onset
EFFECTS CHILDREN AND PEAKS AGE 3-7
signs :
weight loss
neurological
frequent infections, fever, bleeding and bruising, fatigye
treated by bone marrow or stem cell transplant
acute myelogenous leukemia
common in adults
caused by age and post cancer treatement
is the inability for stem cells to differentiate
signs :
spontaneous bleeding, heaving bleeding, petechia, anemia, fatigue ,SOB
chronic myeloid leukemia
more common in adults
change in stem cell
caused by genetics or radiation
signs: vague and gradual
asymptomatic or extreme fatigue , low grade fever, spleen enlargement, weight loss, night sweats
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
common adult leukemia
age makes u suscpetible, chemical warfare or garden chemicals
signs:vague and nonspecific, bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes, ifections, weight loss
hodgkin lymphomas
more common in men 25-30 and older than 55, small family,moms higher ed,herpes, tonsil removal, work with wood work
diagnosis : lymph node biopsy
treatment : chemo, radiation
signs : weight loss, anemia, fever, weakness malaise, cardiac effusions
non hodkins lymphoma
larger group of cancers
occurs with HIV
exposed to benzene , pollution, or smoking
signs: enlargedlimph nodes with no pain
multiple myeloma
cancer of B lympocytes
its a tumor in plasma
peaks in men at 80 BLACK MEN
signs: bone pain and pathological fractures, antibodies are abnormal and prone to recurrent infection
hemostasis stages
- vascular
2.platelet
3.coagulation
4.wound closes - breaks down clot
deep vein thrombrosis
4 kinds :
obstruction
decreased flow
complete
clot travels to brain / heart (most dangerous)
thrombrocytopenia
low platelets
treated with steroids and transfusion
thrombocytsosis
too many platelets
asymotomatic
von willebrands disease
inherited platelt disorder due to plasm factor defect
hemophilia
factor 8, effects men
significant bleeding
tx:give artifical factor 8
vitamin k deficiency
clotting factor deficiency
tx: eat more vitamin k (leafy greens )
disseminated intravascular coagulation
bleed and clot at the same time
normal mechanics are overwhelmed
seen in heart attacks, labor, and systemic issues
