Exam 1 Immunology Flashcards
What do C fibers feel like?
Dull or heavy
What do A delta fibers feel like?
sharp intense
3 pathways for complement to be loaded?
classical
alternative
lectin
What does MHC do?
identify self from nonself
two major organs of immunology?
thymus- T cells develop
Bones (marrow)- B cells develop
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
within mins
can also have a late rxn
Ige
type 2 hypersensitivity
igg/igm
Hours to days
antimediated
Type 3 Immune complex mediated
igg/igm
Last for days and is typically systemic like lupus rheumatoid arthritis
type 4 cell mediated
T cells involved
lasts 24 hrs to weeks
Delayed
Skin testing , transplant rejection
What are the complement outcomes
lysis cells, opsonization, activiation of inflammtion response, clearance of immune complexes
What can increase pathogen exposure?
foreign things entering th body such as catheters or tubes.
sexual practices
Which type of immuntity is the fastest?
innate
in humoral immunity which way is the complement system activated?
classic
in cell mediated and adaptive immunity what way is the complement system activated?
alternative
natural active adaptive immunity
contact with antigen
can be temporary or pernament
natural passive adaptive immunity
contact through colostrum like transplant or breast milk
temporary
Artificial active adaptive immunity
inoculation of antigen
temp or pernmant
artificial passive adapative immunity
inoculation of antibody
temp
Cell mediated immunity
activaiton of T cells
fighting invading pathogens
transplant rejection, hypersensitivty and autoimmune disease
basis for skin tests
T lypmhocytes
derived from the thymus
mature, immunologically naive cells are in blood , lymph nodes, spleen
t cells are specific for cell bound antigens via T cell receptors
T cells
Depend on antigen presenting cells
What are the two signals for T cell activation
- engaged in appropiate MHC bound antigen in CD4 or CD8
- T cell binding with CD80 or CD86 which allows for production of cytokines
CD4 Cells
helper cells
CD8
supressor or regulatory cells
cytokines
local proteins that induce proliferation of antigen specific lymhocytes
antigen presenting cells
attach to MHC
B lymphocyte function:
directly attack antigen
activate complement
activate anaphylaxis
antibody mediated hypersensivitt
Primary immunodefiency
geneticcaly determined
defect involving t cells, b cells , lymphoid tissue
Secondary immunodeficiency
results from underlying disease or factor that supresses or blocks immune system
ex. cancers
old age
chemo or other meds
spleneoctomy
AIDS
a retroviral disease that leads to opportunisitc infection
attacks T4 cells
3 phases of HIV infection
asymptomatic
early symtomatic
advanced
Early signs of HIV
fever
night sweats
chronic diarehea
minor oral infection
cough
headache
vaginal candidias
advanced signs of HIV
persistent dry cough
fever
night sweats
easy bruising
thrush
muscle atrophy
side effects of medication
back pain
Opportunistic infection
cancers
viral infections
fungal infections
bacterial infections
pneuomonia ( protozal infections)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of aids
inflammation of joints
pain
myopathy
neuroligic manifestation of aids
headache
seizures
behavioral
pain
cardiopulm manifestation of aids
dyspnea
nonproductive cough
cardiomyopathy
symptoms assosciated with opportunistic infections
integ manifestation of aids
basal cell carcinoma
karposis sarcoma
rash
delayed wound healing
other manifestations of aids
weight loss
gigivitis
kidney failure
liver failure
TB
vaginal infection
malignancy
oral thrush
chronic fatigue syndrome
part of a large category defined as unexplained fatigue greater than 6 months
onset , progression, and diagnosis of Chronic fatigue syndrome
flu like symptoms
progression: muscle pain and forgetfulness
greater than 6 months of overwhelming fatigue
diagnosis: client history
CDC criteria
no specific test
