Exam 1 Immunology

Question 1

What do C fibers feel like?

Answer 1

Dull or heavy

Question 2

What do A delta fibers feel like?

Answer 2

sharp intense

Question 3

3 pathways for complement to be loaded?

Answer 3

classical
alternative
lectin

Question 4

What does MHC do?

Answer 4

identify self from nonself

Question 5

two major organs of immunology?

Answer 5

thymus- T cells develop
Bones (marrow)- B cells develop

Question 6

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Answer 6

within mins
can also have a late rxn

Ige

Question 7

type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 7

igg/igm
Hours to days
antimediated

Question 8

Type 3 Immune complex mediated

Answer 8

igg/igm
Last for days and is typically systemic like lupus rheumatoid arthritis

Question 9

type 4 cell mediated

Answer 9

T cells involved
lasts 24 hrs to weeks

Delayed

Skin testing , transplant rejection

Question 10

What are the complement outcomes

Answer 10

lysis cells, opsonization, activiation of inflammtion response, clearance of immune complexes

Question 11

What can increase pathogen exposure?

Answer 11

foreign things entering th body such as catheters or tubes.

sexual practices

Question 12

Which type of immuntity is the fastest?

Answer 12

innate

Question 13

in humoral immunity which way is the complement system activated?

Answer 13

classic

Question 14

in cell mediated and adaptive immunity what way is the complement system activated?

Answer 14

alternative

Question 15

natural active adaptive immunity

Answer 15

contact with antigen

can be temporary or pernament

Question 16

natural passive adaptive immunity

Answer 16

contact through colostrum like transplant or breast milk

temporary

Question 17

Artificial active adaptive immunity

Answer 17

inoculation of antigen

temp or pernmant

Question 18

artificial passive adapative immunity

Answer 18

inoculation of antibody

temp

Question 19

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 19

activaiton of T cells

fighting invading pathogens

transplant rejection, hypersensitivty and autoimmune disease

basis for skin tests

Question 20

T lypmhocytes

Answer 20

derived from the thymus

mature, immunologically naive cells are in blood , lymph nodes, spleen

t cells are specific for cell bound antigens via T cell receptors

Question 21

T cells

Answer 21

Depend on antigen presenting cells

Question 22

What are the two signals for T cell activation

Answer 22

1. engaged in appropiate MHC bound antigen in CD4 or CD8
2. T cell binding with CD80 or CD86 which allows for production of cytokines

Question 23

CD4 Cells

Answer 23

helper cells

Question 24

CD8

Answer 24

supressor or regulatory cells

Question 25

cytokines

Answer 25

local proteins that induce proliferation of antigen specific lymhocytes

Question 26

antigen presenting cells

Answer 26

attach to MHC

Question 27

B lymphocyte function:

Answer 27

directly attack antigen
activate complement
activate anaphylaxis
antibody mediated hypersensivitt

Question 28

Primary immunodefiency

Answer 28

geneticcaly determined

defect involving t cells, b cells , lymphoid tissue

Question 29

Secondary immunodeficiency

Answer 29

results from underlying disease or factor that supresses or blocks immune system

ex. cancers
old age
chemo or other meds
spleneoctomy

Question 30

AIDS

Answer 30

a retroviral disease that leads to opportunisitc infection

attacks T4 cells

Question 31

3 phases of HIV infection

Answer 31

asymptomatic
early symtomatic
advanced

Question 32

Early signs of HIV

Answer 32

fever
night sweats
chronic diarehea
minor oral infection
cough
headache
vaginal candidias

Question 33

advanced signs of HIV

Answer 33

persistent dry cough
fever
night sweats
easy bruising
thrush
muscle atrophy
side effects of medication
back pain

Question 34

Opportunistic infection

Answer 34

cancers
viral infections
fungal infections
bacterial infections
pneuomonia ( protozal infections)

Question 35

Musculoskeletal manifestations of aids

Answer 35

inflammation of joints
pain
myopathy

Question 36

neuroligic manifestation of aids

Answer 36

headache
seizures
behavioral
pain

Question 37

cardiopulm manifestation of aids

Answer 37

dyspnea
nonproductive cough
cardiomyopathy
symptoms assosciated with opportunistic infections

Question 38

integ manifestation of aids

Answer 38

basal cell carcinoma
karposis sarcoma
rash
delayed wound healing

Question 39

other manifestations of aids

Answer 39

weight loss
gigivitis
kidney failure
liver failure
TB
vaginal infection
malignancy
oral thrush

Question 40

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 40

part of a large category defined as unexplained fatigue greater than 6 months

Question 41

onset , progression, and diagnosis of Chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 41

flu like symptoms

progression: muscle pain and forgetfulness
greater than 6 months of overwhelming fatigue

diagnosis: client history
CDC criteria
no specific test