Exam 1 Infectious disease Flashcards
conditions needed to be infected
pathogen is present
there is enough of pathogen to cause disease
the pathogen passes through the correct entry site
a person is susceptible to pathogen
signs of infection
rash
joint swelling
fever
enlarged lymph nodes
altered mental state
inflammation
tachypnea
hypotension
upper respiratory signs
tachypnea, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, nasal drainage, sputum, oxoygen desaturation, decreased excercise tolerance
integ signs
purulent drainage, rash, redstreaks, bleeding from gums or into joints, joint effusion
cardiovascular signs
capillaries bursting, tachycardia, hypotension, change in heart rate
CNS signs
altered conscioousnes, confusion, headahce, memory loss, stiff neck
GI signs
nausea, vomitiing , diarrhea
GU tract signs
trouble urinating (dysurnia), flank pain, bloody urine ( hematuria), oliguria, urgency/frequency
viruses
subcellular made of RNA or DNA
dependent on host cells for replication
cannot be destroyed by pharmacologic means
Hep A
chronic liver disease
asymomtamatic
vaccine available
fecal-oral transmission
can survive for up to 4 hours on unwashed hands
Hep B
severe or fatal liver infection
flu like symptoms, jaundice
6 mo incubation period
greatest blood borne risk to healthcare workers
BSI and vaccine available
hep c
most common blood borne infection
also a liver disease
no vaccine
no treatment after exposure to prevent infection
Bacteria
single cell organisms with well defined walls
can grow independtly on artificial media
noscomial infection (bacterial)
pseudomonas aeruginosa
mycoplasmas
self replicating bacteria with no cell wall
responsible for walking pneuomonia
strict dependence on host for nutrition
Rickettsiae
from animals
chlamydiae
have DNA and RNA
protozoa
group of cells (round worms )
Fungi- mycoses
unicellular organism
prions
mad cow disease
which can be transmitted from animals to people
herpes
herpes virus
HSV
VZV - chicken pox
Links of infection
agent>reservoir>portal of exit>mode of transmission>portal of entry > new host> agent
First line of defense
external things like skin, reflexes, salvia, tears
second line of defense
inflammatory
third line of defense
immunology
vectorborne
from bugs
what makes things airborne
viral load
vehicle transmission
in food
Contact diseases
MRSA
RSV
VRE
staphyloccus aureus
TB
airborne
2-10 week incubation
annual ppd
droplet transmission
early stages are asymptomatic
precautions for prevention
personal hygeine
hand wash
avoid jewelry
no nails longer than .25 an in
protect form direct contact
PPE
clean and disinfect
