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Clin med > Exam 1 Healing > Flashcards

Exam 1 Healing Flashcards

1
Q

microtrauma

A

overuse, cyclicnloading or friction injury

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2
Q

macrotrauma

A

impact or contact injury, large insult and immediate tissue disruption

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3
Q

things that cause inflammation

A

physical
chemical
ischemia
allergies
physical agents like thermal and radiation
foreign bodies like splinters
infection
nutritional
genetic

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4
Q

effects of inflammation

A

local :
redness
warmth
swelling
pain
loss of function

systemic:
malaise, fatigue, headache, anorexia, fever

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5
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation

A

erythema
heat
edema
pain
loss of function

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6
Q

3 phases of healing

A

inflammation
proliferation
maturation

also (hemostasis)/ stabilizing prior to inflammaiton

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7
Q

protection phase

A

first 1-6 days

immediate protective response that attempts to destroy, dilute, or isolates the cells that may be at fault

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8
Q

Acute stage of inflammation

A

vascular changes
discharge
early fibroblastic activity

clinical signs:
inflammation
pain before tissue resistance

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9
Q

what is the vascular response to acute inflammation?

A

transient vasoconstriction occurs at the injured vessels

chemical mediators(histamine and serotonon) release

vasodilation and increased permeability make up the vascular response

Local swelling due to increase permability

pain is from the increased pressure

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10
Q

inflammation vascular response

A

1.vasoconstriction
2.vasodilation
3.growth of the fibrin lattice
4.enter leukocytes
5.enter platelets (first 24-36 hrs)

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11
Q

inflammation chemical mediators

A

RELEASED FROM INFLAMMATORY CELLS OR DERIVED FROM PLASMA

histamine
platelet activating factor
cytokines

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12
Q

Plasma cell derived chemical mediators

A

blood coagulation
firbrinoclytic
complement

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13
Q

What forms clots?

A

platelets

release prothorombin start the fibrin lattice

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14
Q

what is the cell response to acute inflammation?

A

leuokcytes move to the area and remove and eliminate stimulus

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15
Q

hemostatic response in inflammation

A

platelets scab over the area

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16
Q

fibrin

A

makes a cross linked lattice to seal off whole

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17
Q

why does edema occur?

A

results from an increase in fluid within the extravascular spaces

as permability increases the fluid becomes exudate

18
Q

exudate

A

fluid being released from wound

19
Q

sanginous fluid

A

red due to RBC

20
Q

serosanguinous

A

yellow or pink

rbcs present

21
Q

serous or watery

A

thin or clear yellow consists of protein

22
Q

purulent

A

cloudy indicates infection or high WBC

23
Q

catarrhal

A

clear

24
Q

fibrinous

A

yellow or pink

25
Q

goals of proliferation

A

epithelization
collagen production
wound contracture
neovascularization

26
Q

fibroblastic activity in proliferation phase

A

scar formation
fibroplasia
symotoms of inflammation subside

27
Q

what is epithelization

A

establishment of a epidermis, prevent electrolyte loss and chance of infection

28
Q

what is resolution

A

the process that occurs when min tissue damage occured. damaged cells will recover, ex. sunburn

29
Q

primary intention

A

features wound contracture

epithelization willnot provide adequate

30
Q

secondary intention

A

healing by indirect union, gap between edges
ex. butterly or sutures

rely on epithelization for tissue healing

31
Q

what is fibroplasia

A

collagen production

presence of infection or excessive stress will put the wound back into inflammation

32
Q

regeneration

A

the process of mitosis in damged tissue

33
Q

angiogenisis

A

regrowth of blood vessels

34
Q

what types of collagen are present in maturation?

A

type 1 and 3
with chronic inflammation

35
Q

tension theory

A

internal and external stresses can determine the scars final tissue structure

36
Q

what are the outcomes of healing ?

A
  1. complete recovery
  2. healing by scar formation
    3.formation of an abscess
  3. chronic inflammation
37
Q

complications of healing

A

infection
ulcers
spasm
chronic inflammation
adhesions
abscess

38
Q

what causes chronic inflammation

A

-extensive nercosis
-inflammatory agent persists
-repeated episodes of acute inflammation in same tissue
-persistent immune rxn

39
Q

chronic inflammation

A

can aid in healing but struggle to return to full function
chronic inflammation destorys tissue

40
Q

how much muscle is lost per day of immobilization

A

1 to 3 %

41
Q

immobiity effects of cardiovascular

A

raises 0.5 beats per min per day

decreased stroke volume of up to 15%

Clin med (4 decks)

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