Hematology

Question 1

What is the difference between reticulocytes and reticuloblasts?

Answer 1

cytes do not have a nucleus

Question 2

Erythropoiesis

Answer 2

1. kidneys sense anemia and increase erythryopoietien production
   2.erythopoitein acts on the cells in the bone marrow to produce RBC
2. kindey senses increased o2
   4.kidney decreases erythopoitein production

Question 3

Composition of blood

Answer 3

55 percent plasma
45 percent formed elements

Question 4

What vitamins does blood need?

Answer 4

intrinsic factors
vitamin 12
iron

Question 5

what else is blood composed of ?

Answer 5

platelets 250-400k
leukocytes 5-9k
erthocytes 4.2-5.8 mil

Question 6

what are the five types of WBC?

Answer 6

neutrophils (fight bacteria), basophil(fight allergens), macrophages, eosinophil,

Question 7

what is responsible for homeostasis?

Answer 7

plateletets

Question 8

what is erthrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?

Answer 8

test for inflammation, tests how fast RBC sink

high=inflammation, cancer , autoimmune disease
low= polcytehemia, leukocytosis, sickle cell, abnormal proteins

Question 9

RBC job?

Answer 9

carry o2 from lungs to tissues and remove co2

Question 10

Hemogoblin (Hgb) job

Answer 10

combines with o2 and co2

assess anemia blood loss, bone marrow supression

low hemogoblin means> anemia, recent hemorage, fluid overload, trauma, surgery, iron sufficiency

Question 11

symptoms of low hemogoblin

Answer 11

excercise tolerance is down, dehydrated ,

patients will feel and act different (almost like they dont have lots of o2)

Question 12

hematocrit

Answer 12

% of rbc

low: anemia, acute blood loss, hemodilution

Question 13

what is anemia

Answer 13

low RBC or bad quality RBC

Question 14

symptoms of low hematocrit?

Answer 14

excercise tolerance is down, and very fatigued , heart rate is up

Question 15

symptoms of high hematocrit?

Answer 15

polycthemia, dehydrated

Question 16

what is reticulocyte count

Answer 16

immature RBC count

Question 17

symtoms of high and low WBC count

Answer 17

low: susceptible to infection or leukemia( less than 2.5 k)

high: fighting or just fought infection ( greater thank 30k)

Question 18

newborn WBC count

Answer 18

9-30 k

Question 19

toddler under 2 wbc count

Answer 19

6.2-17k

Question 20

adult wbc count

Answer 20

5-10 k

Question 21

Absolute neutrophil count guidelines ?

Answer 21

less than 500=high risk for infection
500-1k = mod risk for infection
more than 1k = low risk of infection

Question 22

high and low platelets

Answer 22

less than 20 k =high risk for bleeding
less than 5k = do not work with the PT

more than 1 million = at risk for blood clots

Question 23

normal adult platelet count

Answer 23

150-400 k

Question 24

normal rbc count (mil/mm3)

Answer 24

males :4.7-6.1
females:4.2- 5.4

Question 25

normal hematocrit

Answer 25

males : 42-52%
females 37 to 47 %

Question 26

normal reticulocyte count

Answer 26

0.5 to 1.5 % of rbc

Question 27

normal hemogoblin concentration

Answer 27

males 14-18 g/dl
12-16 g/dl

Question 28

what is the mean cell volume

Answer 28

avg size of a RBC , should be 7microns

if its too big it wont fit in vessel

if too small not enough o2 is on it

Question 29

what is the red cell distribution width ?

Answer 29

the amount of variation in size or RBC if this value is low it means not alot of variation, if some are too big while others small this value will be high

Question 30

normal bleeding time

Answer 30

2-9 mins

Question 31

normal prothromblin time

Answer 31

10-13 secs

longer than 17 seconds is too long of a time to clot

Question 32

normal activated partial thromboplastin time

Answer 32

26-38 secs

Question 33

what is the INR

Answer 33

international normalized ratio of count whihc varies lab to lab

Question 34

what can effect erthocytes

Answer 34

too mcuh excercise will destroy

higher altitude requires increased erthocytes