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sav nur 334 exam 2 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an erythrocyte?

A

Red Blood Cell

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2
Q

Name all 5 White blood cells

A

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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3
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

The destruction of red blood cells

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4
Q

What is the definition of Megablastic anemia? How does it happen (3)?

A

Defective DNA synthesis

Caused by an autoimmune issue, b12 deficiency, or folic acid deficiency

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5
Q

What is pernicious anemia

A

A lack of intrinsic factor in gastric mucosa enables the body from absorbing vitamin B12, resulting in defective DNA synthesis of RBCs

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6
Q

What is macrocytic?

A

Large RBCs

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7
Q

Why are megaloblast destroyed easily?

A

They have fragile cell membranes

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8
Q

What type of blood loss requires immediate intervention?

A

Acute

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9
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur in the body?

A

Red bone marrow of long bones

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10
Q

What is the definition of cardiac output?

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart every minute

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11
Q

Define stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart with each beat of the heart

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12
Q

____ ____ is an indirect measure of cardiac output

A

Blood pressure and pulse rate

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13
Q

What is glossitis?

A

Inflammation of the tongue that appears red, smooth and sore

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14
Q

What is cheilitis?

A

Inflammation of the lips

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15
Q

What will you see with angular cheilitis?

A

Inflammation in the corners of the mouth

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16
Q

Define Pagophagia - and who gets it?

A

Ice craving - people with iron deficiency anemia

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17
Q

Define Pancytopenia

A

Low RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

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18
Q

Fatigue vs Activity intolerance - what’s the difference?

A

Fatigue: tired regardless of activity

Activity intolerance: tired with activity

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19
Q

Erythropoiesis stimulating agent (medication)

A

epoetin alfa

20
Q

How should undiluted, liquid iron be given? Why?

A

PO with a straw.

Will stain teeth

21
Q

What side effects of iron supplements should be a teaching point for your patient?

A

Supplements may turn stool black

22
Q

How does blood in stool physically appear?

A

Dark, sticky and malodorous (unpleasant)

23
Q

IV dextran puts patients at a risk for what complication?

A

Fatal anaphylaxis

24
Q

What 2 routes of administration have similar effects if instrinsic factor IS present with B12 supplementation?

A

IM and PO

25
Q

What supplement is important during pregnancy?

A

Folic acid

26
Q

When should epoetin be discontinued?

A

When Hgb >10

27
Q

What foods are rich in iron?

A

liver, eggs, dried fruit, legumes, potatoes, dark/leafy greens, whole grains/enriched breads and cereals

28
Q

Foods rich in B12

A

Red meats (esp. liver), enriched grain products, milk and dairy, fish, and eggs

29
Q

Foods rich in folic acid

A

Leafy greens, legumes, whole grains, OJ, and nuts

30
Q

Define hemoconcentrated.

A

Hct appears high due to dehydration (loss of blood plasma); also called a “false high hemtocrit”

31
Q

Secondary polycythemia is?

A

compensatory response to tissue hypoxia

32
Q

Most common, serious, acute complication of polycythemia?

A

Stroke

33
Q

What is phlebotomy a primary treatment for?

A

Polycythemia

34
Q

Another name for primary polycythemia

A

Polycythemia Vera

35
Q

Is primary polycythemia preventible?

A

No

36
Q

What conditions are ideal for Iron supplementation?

A

On an empty stomach

37
Q

When administering ferrous sulfate IM, what method is used to prevent skin staining?

A

Z track Method

38
Q

If your patient has polycythemia, what home interventions would you recommend to them? (no order needed)

A

Increase hydration

39
Q

Name a chronic reason a FEMALE may experience blood loss

A

A heavy menstruation cycle

40
Q

What lab value characterizes severe anemia?

A

Hgb below 6

41
Q

What is a possible manifestation to a heart attack ?

A

Angina

42
Q

Heart rate x Stroke volume= ???

A

Cardiac output

43
Q

You suspect your patient is anemic, why are they experiencing bone pain?

A

The kidneys are increasing the release of erythropoietin to increase RBC production. Since RBC production is in the red bone marrow, patient may experience pain from increase production

44
Q

Which type of anemia causes pancytopenia?

A

Aplastic anemia

45
Q

An alcoholic may have decrease intake of what vitamin?

A

Vitamin B12

46
Q

B12 deficient anemia will present with this specific type of symptoms?

A

Neurological/neuromuscular symptoms

sav nur 334 exam 2 (16 decks)

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