Hematology

Question 1

White Cloudy Plasma

Answer 1

Indicates Lipemia

Question 2

Clear Colorless or Straw Colored Plasma

Answer 2

Totally Normal

Question 3

Yellow Plasma

Answer 3

• Normal for horses
• Other species abnormal and considered Icterus/Icteric
• Can be described as “Icteric”
• Concern for liver function

Question 4

Yellow Plasma is normal for what species?

Answer 4

Equines

Question 5

Red Plasma

Answer 5

• Indicates hemolysis
• Hemoglobin is free floating

Question 6

Lipemia is normal when?

Answer 6

• Totally normal for Lipemia to occur 1-2 hours after a meal was eaten therefore if this is a concern that animal should be fasted

Question 7

What’s important to note before breaking the hematoceit tube to read the TP?

Answer 7

Note color of plasma

Question 8

Elevated PCV & TP values indicate what?

Answer 8

Dehydration

Question 9

Decreased PCV & TP values indicate what?

Answer 9

Over Hydrated

Question 10

Normal PCV & TP values indicate what?

Answer 10

Adequately hydrated

Question 11

Reticulocytes are used to determine?

Answer 11

Reticulocyte counts are used for the measurement of anemia & to determine if it’s regenerative or nonregenerative anemia

Question 12

What stain do you use when staining for a reticulocyte count?

Answer 12

Methylene Blue

Question 13

Methylene Blue is used in a reticulocyte count why?

Answer 13

Methylene Blue stain the residual RNA which causes the basophilic stipples

Question 14

Reticulocyte appearance

Answer 14

dark spots or lines in them

Question 15

Reticulocyte Count Equation

Answer 15

Count # of reticulocytes / 1000 RBC

Question 16

Cats have 2 types of Reticulocytes

Answer 16

Punctuate & Aggregate

Question 17

What type of reticulocyte in cats do you count?

Answer 17

Aggregate

Question 18

High number of reticulocytes indicate?

Answer 18

Regenerative Anemia

Question 19

Low number of reticulocytes indicate?

Answer 19

Non-regenerative Anemia

Question 20

Nucleated Red Blood Cell Equation

Answer 20

Observed WBC count X 100 / 100 + NRBC

Question 21

What must be corrected if a NRBC is seen on a differential?

Answer 21

The WBC count

Question 22

What are NRBC often confused with?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes

Question 23

Fibrinogen levels are especially useful in?

Answer 23

dairy cattle for the early signs of mastitis

Question 24

Fibrinogen levels increase during?

Answer 24

Inflammation

Question 25

How to measure fibrinogen levels?

Answer 25

By heating plasma to 56ºC
At 56ºC, fibrinogen pellets out, but other plasma proteins stay suspended

Question 26

Fibrinogen levels are measured how? & recorded how?

Answer 26

the difference between the two TP numbers. Record as mg/dl

Question 27

Cross matching is used to?

Answer 27

Used to determine compatibility for blood transfusions

Question 28

What is the rule for blood transfusions?

Answer 28

First blood transfusion cross matching is not as critical due to the lower chance of an immune response compared to the second blood transfusion a cross matching is required because of the significant higher rate of a negative immune response happening

Question 29

Cats have how many types of blood?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

Dogs have how many different types of blood?

Answer 30

11

Question 31

agglutination in a crossmatch indicates?

Answer 31

Incompatibility