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Board Review > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood thinner for HIT

A

Argatroban

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2
Q

Diagnostic criteria for primary HLH

A

Histiocyte society 2004 criteria

  1. A molecular diagnosis consistent with HLH
    -AR mutations in perforin
    -MUNC13-4
    -MINC 19-2
    -Syntaxin 11
  2. Presence of 5 of the following:
    -Fever
    -Splenomegaly
    -Cytopenias from 2/3 cell lines or more
    -Hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia
    -Hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes
    -Low or absent NK cell activity
    -Ferritin >/= 500
    -Soluble CD25 > 2.4K
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3
Q

R value in TEG

A

Reaction time

represents time to fibrin formation

normal 4-8 minutes

Treatment: FFP

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4
Q

K value

A

Time to achieve clot strength

Normal: 1-4 min

Treatment: Cryo, fibrinogen

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5
Q

Alpha angle

A

rate of clot formation

normal: 47 - 74 degrees

Treatment: Cryo, fibrinogen

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6
Q

MA

A

Strength of the clot

Normal: 55 - 73 minutes

Treatment: Platelets

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7
Q

LY-30

A

Lysis phase timing

normal: 0 - 8%

Treatment: TXA

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8
Q
A

Normal TEG

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9
Q
A

R and K prolonged
MA and alpha angle decreased

Anticoagulants use or hemophilia

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10
Q
A

R normal
K prolonged
MA decreased

Platelet blockers, thrombocytopenia

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11
Q
A

R normal
MA decreased decremental

Fibrinolysis (i.e. tPA)

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12
Q
A

R and K decreased
MA and alpha angle increased

Hypercoagulation

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13
Q
A

Stage 1 DIC (Hypercoagulable)

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14
Q
A

Stage 2 DIC (hypocoagulable)

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15
Q

Syndrome induced by CAR-T therapy

A

Cytokine release syndrome

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16
Q

Treatment of cytokine release syndrome

A

Tocilizumab (anti-IL6)

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17
Q

Lab value that is inaccurate in patients with a very high WBC count

A

Pao2

18
Q

FFP, platelets, and PRBC transfusion ratio in massive transfusion protocol

A

1:1:1

19
Q

4 severe reactions to immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancy

A

Myocarditis
Pneumonitis
Enteritis
Neurologic dysfunction

20
Q

Disease characterized by new or worsening hypotension, AKI, thrombocytopenia, MAHA, PHTN, and neurologic dysfunction post bone marrow or stem cell transplant

A

Transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy

21
Q

Symptoms of acute graft vs host disease post stem cell transplant

A

maculopapular rash, GI symptoms, liver function abnormalities

22
Q

Syndrome post stem cell transplant characterized by fever, rash, and diffuse capillary leak with pulmonary edema

A

Engraftment syndrome

23
Q

Factors in 4 factor complex

A

2, 7, 9, and 10

24
Q

Treatment for catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

Anticoagulation, corticosteroids, and plasma exchange

25
Q

TTP testing findings

A

Elevated LDH
Low Haptoglobin
Schistocytes
Negative Coombs test
Low level of ADAMTS13

26
Q

Antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome

A

Anti-cardiolipen
Anti-glycoprotein IIb

27
Q

Diagnosis with DIC type labs (low platelets, fibrinogen, etc) but multiple promyelocytes with multiple Auer rods

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

28
Q

Treatment for APL

A

All trans retinoic acid

29
Q

Risk in APL that makes treatment of it a medical emergency

A

Catastrophic bleeding and clotting both

30
Q

3 conditions in which TXA is associated with mortality reduction

A

Postpartum hemorrhage
Trauma
TBI

31
Q

Syndrome that is similar to HIT and induced by vaccines

A

Vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

Will be positive for platelet factor 4 antibodies like in HIT

32
Q

Blood condition for which desmopressin is used

A

Uremic platelet dysfunction

33
Q

Treatment for TTP

A

Steroids AND plasma exchange, add rituximab after

34
Q

5 symptoms of TTP

A

MAHA
Thrombocytopenia
Fever
Neurologic dysfunction
Renal dysfunction

35
Q

Condition associated with reduced ADAMTS13 levels

A

Primary TTP

36
Q

Test required to confirm catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and rule out vasculitis

A

Biopsy of effected tissue

37
Q

Treatment for neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis)

A

Antibiotics and supportive care

38
Q

Treatment of tumor lysis syndrome

A

Rasburicase and IV hydration

39
Q

Medication added to TTP treatment if they fail standard therapy

A

Caplacizumab

40
Q

Antidote to eliquis and xarelto

A

Adexanet alpha

41
Q

Initial treatment for splenic rupture

A

Embolization rather than removal

42
Q

Alternative to andexanet alpha for DOAC reversal

A

4 factor prothrombin complex concentrate

Board Review (12 decks)

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