HEMATOLOGY Flashcards
GRADED AS POSITIVE only
Sickle cells
Basophilic stippling
Pappenheimer bodies
Howell-Jolly bodies
2+ Spherocytes
6-10/field
> 10/field acanthocytes
3+
ovalocytes 3-10/field
1+
codocyte >20/field
3+
15 stomatocytes/field
2+
normal platelet estimate
200,000 - 400,000/uL
MODERATE increase in platelet estimate
600,000-800,000/uL
LOW NORMAL in platelet estimate
150,000-199,000/uL
Anulocyte is graded as
4+
has a thin rim of hemoglobin
Anulocyte (4+)
endpoint of a fibrometer
clot formation
25-50% macrocytosis graded as
2+ to 3+
3% polychromasia graded as
1+
Rouleaux graded as “MARKED”
Hubbard
5 or more RBC chains are found per thin microscopic field
aggregates 5-10 RBCs graded as
2+
hypochromia grading of >2/3
2+ to 3+
automated coagulation instrument
MDA STA-R ACL AMAX BCR
Semi -automated coagulation instrument
Fibrometer
KC4 Delta
STart4
When 2 cells pass through an orifice simultaneously & counted as 1 cell
COINCIDENCE
OHM’S LAW formula
V= I x R
Effect of cold agglutinins in RBC parameters
decrease RBC count, HCT
increase MCV, MCHC
increase RBC count, HCT
decrease MCV, MCHC
autoagglutination
most common problem in cell counting, causing increase in current
Aperture plugs
an error caused by nature of specimen that makes accurate RBC & platelet count impossible
increased number of schistocytes
(+) or (-) error
improper setting of aperture current or threshold
Values derived from RBC histogram
RDW & MCV
Values derived from platelet histogram
MPV & PDW
PRINTED on elec. impedance written report
Scattergram
histogram
flagging
side angle or 90’ light scatter measures
Cytoplasmic granularity
MPV should be measured at what time period
1-3 hours after collection
forward light scatter measures
cell size
components of flowcytometer
computer
Optics
Fluidics
Electronics
principle of Technicon analyzer
optical light scattering
principle of Coulter counter and Sysmex counter
Electrical impedance
Directly counted by the electrical impedance instrument
RBC WBC Platelet Hgb reticulocytes
automation principle that uses 2 electrodes to determine cell size
Electrical impedance
dilution of RBC count using automated counting instrument
1:50,000
in WBC CATEGORIES ON COULTER COUNTER, small cells refer to
Lymphocytes
in WBC CATEGORIES ON COULTER COUNTER, medium cells refer to
Mononuclear cells
in WBC CATEGORIES ON COULTER COUNTER, large cells refer to
Granulocytes
effect of microcytosis on platelet count using automated counters
Spurious increase
size of microcytic RBCs
<6um
Screening tests for ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC BLEEDING; BM RESPONSE
Hgb
Hct
reticulocyte count
Screening tests for thrombocytopenia
Platelet count
Screening tests for deficiencies of factors II, V, VII or X (CT prolonged)
Prothrombin Time
Screening tests for deficiencies of all factors except VII & XIII (CT prolonged)
Partial Thromboplastin Time
Screening tests for Hypofibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia
Thrombin time or fibrinogen assay
a screening procedure for the measurement of fibrinolytic activity
Euglobin clot lysis time
the CLOSER the ISI to 1 the ______ the reagent is
MORE SENSITIVE
the HIGHER the ISI to 1 the ____ the reagent is
LESS SENSITIVE
Angle 2 of RBC Analysis in Technicon
High-angle forward scatter, 5-15’
target INR for pulmonary embolism
2.5
INR for preventing DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
2 to 3
specimens for PT and APTT must be centrifuged within ___
1 hour (60 minutes)
specimen for APTT must be TESTED within ____
4 hours
specimen for PT must be TESTED within ____
24 hours
centrifuge blood for
15 mins @ 1500 g
PT reagent
Thromboplastin-Calcium Chloride (0.2 mL or 200 uL)
APTT reagent
activator + phospholipid
volume of plasma for PT testing
0.1 mL (100 uL)
volume of plasma for APTT testing
- 2 mL (200uL) - Brown
0. 1 mL (100 uL) - Steininger
VISUAL detection of fibrin clot formation
Tilt-tube method
in DIC, D-dimer test will be positive after how many hours
4 hours
Bethesda assay
test for quantitating factor VIII inhibitor
