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Hematology > Hematology 1 > Flashcards

Hematology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tobacco can cause ____ RBC counts and plasma catecholamines and cortisol.

A

Increased

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2
Q

EDTA spray-coated plastic tube

A

K2EDTA

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3
Q

For infants <12 months old, the most appropriate skin puncture site is the ____ or _____ plantar heel surface.

A

Lateral; medial

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4
Q

Warming the skin puncture site at ___C using moist towel would increase the blood flow through the arterioles and capillaries.

A

42

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5
Q

The lancet should be at least ___ mm long in skin puncture to prevent the risk of osteomyelitis.

A

2

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6
Q

When the erythrocytes hemolyse, what is the molecule released that will give the plasma its reddish appearance?

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

TRUE or FALSE: An increased reticulocyte count may be found in aplastic anemia.

A

False

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8
Q

Alpha thalassemia: ____ MCV, ____ RDW

A

Decreased; increased

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9
Q

Hemolysis: ____ Hct, ____ RBC count

A

Decreased; decreased

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10
Q

Volume percentage of RBCs in the whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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11
Q

An ____ defect can be caused by mechanical destruction eg faulty heart valves, DIC; presence of schistocytes

A

Extracorpuscular

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12
Q

2 main compartments of the bone marrow

A

Vascular sinuses

Hematopoietic cords

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13
Q

Erythropoiesis occurs in the ____.

A

Erythroblastic islands

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14
Q

Megakaryopoiesis occurs in the ____.

A

Nearby sinus endothelium

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15
Q

Blood levels of EPO is ____ proportional to tissue oxygenation.

A

Indirectly

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16
Q

Pronormoblast is also known as:

A

Rubriblast

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17
Q

Basophilic normoblast is also known as:

A

Prorubricyte

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18
Q

Polychromatophilic normoblast is also known as:

A

Rubricyte

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19
Q

Orthrochromatophilic normoblast is also known as:

A

Metarubricyte

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20
Q

Helps prevent the oxidation of hemoglobin

A

G6PD

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21
Q

G6PD deficiency causes the appearance of ____ which cause dimpling in the RBC.

A

Heinz bodies

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22
Q

Heinz bodies present in the blood will be bitten by the splenic macrophages through ____.

A

Pitting

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23
Q

Derivative of hemoglobin in which the iron is oxidized to the ferric state

A

Methemoglobin/hemiglobin

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24
Q

Storage pool of iron

A

Ferritin & hemosiderin

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25
Q

Iron transfer from the duodenal cell into the plasma is regulated by:

A

Hepcidin

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26
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Iron absorbed in the body is inversely proportional to the stored iron and the rate of erythropoiesis.

A

True

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27
Q

Second maturational stage seen in granulocyte development

A

Promyelocyte

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28
Q

Stage of synthesis of primary granules

A

Promyelocyte

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29
Q

Stage where nuclear indentation may be seen

A

Metamyelocyte

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30
Q

Earliest recognizable WBC precursor under the light microscope

A

Myeloblast

31
Q

Steps in phagocytosis

A

CAEPFD

32
Q

Acidophilic refractile globules which represents gamma globulin synthesis; predominant in multiple myeloma

A

Russel bodies

33
Q

Erythrocytes found in lead poisoning exhibit coarse granules composed of ____ that are reported as ____.

A

Aggregated RNA; basophilic stippling

34
Q

Usual serum iron and transferrin levels observed in patients with anemia of chronic disorders

A

Serum iron decreased

Transferrin decreased

35
Q

Also known as F thalassemia

A

Beta thalassemia intermedia

36
Q

Homozygous type of beta thalassemia

A

Cooley’s anemia

37
Q

Erythrocytes present themselves as ____ in abetalipoproteinemia.

A

Acanthocytes

38
Q

Confirmatory test for PNH

A

Flow cytometry of CD55 and C59

39
Q

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis is an erythrocyte membrane defect characterized by:

A

Misshapen budding fragmentation cells

40
Q

In examining a Wright stained blood smear of a patient who just had splenectomy, one will most likely find:

A

Howell Jolly bodies

41
Q

Sickle cell trait: ___% HbA, ___% HbS

A

60; 40

42
Q

At pH 6, this Hb migrates to the same position as Hb A2

A

Hb S

43
Q

Substitution of a single amino acid residual, lysine, for glutamic acid in the 6th position from the amino terminal end of the beta chain

A

Hb C

44
Q

Light-blue gray inclusions most likely observed in the cytoplasm of many bands and neutrophils of a burn patient

A

Dohle bodies

45
Q

Differentiate May-Hegglin bodies from Dohle bodies

A

Leukopenia with thrombocytopenia & giant platelets

46
Q

Syndrome observed in partial albinism

A

Chediak-Higashi

47
Q

Anomaly characterized by mucopolysaccharidosis

A

Alder-Reilly

48
Q

Abnormal WBC most commonly found in a PBS of a patient with IM

A

Reactive lymphocytes

49
Q

Pince nez appearance of neutrophil

A

Pelger-Huet

50
Q

Toxic granulations are most frequently seen in:

A

Infection
Sepsis
Chemical poisoning (lead)

51
Q

Bone marrow in alpha thalassemia major usually demostrates:

A

Hyperplasia

52
Q

In regulating the cell cycle, the ___ checkpoint checks the DNA for damage and makes the cell either wait for repair or initiates apoptosis.

A

G1

53
Q

The ___ checkpoint checks DNA for damage and completion of replication.

A

S-phase

54
Q

The ___ checkpoint takes place after DNA synthesis and verifies that replication took place without error or damage.

A

G2

55
Q

Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by ___ & ___.

A

Cyclin; cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

56
Q

One of the first tumor suppressor genes recognized was ___ (detects DNA damage during G1).

A

TP53

57
Q

Production of megakaryocytes begins during the ____ phase.

A

Hepatic

58
Q

The ____ in the bone marrow provide structural support for the developing blood cells that mature within a sea of interposed mature adipocytes.

A

Trabeculae

59
Q

____ are bone-forming cells and ____ are bone-resorbing cells.

A

Osteoblasts; osteoclasts

60
Q

What are the two models believed to describe the fate of HSCs?

A

Stochastic & instructive

61
Q

This implies that the cell’s fate is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors

A

Hematopoietic inductive microenvironment

62
Q

Protein responsible for holding organelles in proper location in the cytoplasm of RBC precursors

A

Vimentin

63
Q

Digests the ribosomes in the polychromatophilic normoblast

A

Endoribonuclease

64
Q

Where is the primary oxygen-sensing system of the body located?

A

Peritubular fibroblasts of the kidney

65
Q

Binding of EPO to the extracellular domain of the EPOR activates ____ signal transducers.

A

Janus-activated tyrosine kinase (JAK2)

66
Q

EPO induces erythroid precursors to secrete ____, which acts on hepatocytes to decrease hepcidin production.

A

Erythroferrone

67
Q

____ hepcidin production allows more iron to be absorbed from the intestines to increase hemoglobin synthesis.

A

Decreased

68
Q

Glucose enters the RBC through facilitated diffusion via the transmembrane protein ____.

A

Glut-1

69
Q

With the absence of G6PD, erythrocytes are particularly vulnerable to ____.

A

Oxidative damage

70
Q

Any disruption in transport protein function changes the osmotic tension of the cytoplasm, leading to a ____ in viscosity, & loss of ____.

A

Rise; deformability

71
Q

What process initiates various energy-dependent cellular activities through signaling receptors?

A

Signal transduction

72
Q

Bands migrate through SDS gel, with their velocity a property of their MW & net charge, and are identified using ____ dye.

A

Coomassie blue

73
Q

Glycophorins, with abundant side chains, are stained using ____.

A

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

74
Q

Decreases in transmembrane protein ____ expression has been linked with hereditary spherocytosis.

A

Aquaporin-1

Hematology (5 decks)

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