Hematology 1 Flashcards by MA. FRANCES KIANE ABRUGENA

Tobacco can cause ____ RBC counts and plasma catecholamines and cortisol.

Increased

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EDTA spray-coated plastic tube

K2EDTA

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For infants <12 months old, the most appropriate skin puncture site is the ____ or _____ plantar heel surface.

Lateral; medial

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Warming the skin puncture site at ___C using moist towel would increase the blood flow through the arterioles and capillaries.

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The lancet should be at least ___ mm long in skin puncture to prevent the risk of osteomyelitis.

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When the erythrocytes hemolyse, what is the molecule released that will give the plasma its reddish appearance?

Hemoglobin

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TRUE or FALSE: An increased reticulocyte count may be found in aplastic anemia.

False

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Alpha thalassemia: ____ MCV, ____ RDW

Decreased; increased

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Hemolysis: ____ Hct, ____ RBC count

Decreased; decreased

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Volume percentage of RBCs in the whole blood

Hematocrit

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An ____ defect can be caused by mechanical destruction eg faulty heart valves, DIC; presence of schistocytes

Extracorpuscular

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2 main compartments of the bone marrow

Vascular sinuses

Hematopoietic cords

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Erythropoiesis occurs in the ____.

Erythroblastic islands

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Megakaryopoiesis occurs in the ____.

Nearby sinus endothelium

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Blood levels of EPO is ____ proportional to tissue oxygenation.

Indirectly

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Pronormoblast is also known as:

Rubriblast

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Basophilic normoblast is also known as:

Prorubricyte

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Polychromatophilic normoblast is also known as:

Rubricyte

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Orthrochromatophilic normoblast is also known as:

Metarubricyte

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Helps prevent the oxidation of hemoglobin

G6PD

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G6PD deficiency causes the appearance of ____ which cause dimpling in the RBC.

Heinz bodies

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Heinz bodies present in the blood will be bitten by the splenic macrophages through ____.

Pitting

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Derivative of hemoglobin in which the iron is oxidized to the ferric state

Methemoglobin/hemiglobin

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Storage pool of iron

Ferritin & hemosiderin

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Iron transfer from the duodenal cell into the plasma is regulated by:

Hepcidin

TRUE or FALSE: Iron absorbed in the body is inversely proportional to the stored iron and the rate of erythropoiesis.

True

Second maturational stage seen in granulocyte development

Promyelocyte

Stage of synthesis of primary granules

Promyelocyte

Stage where nuclear indentation may be seen

Metamyelocyte

Earliest recognizable WBC precursor under the light microscope

Myeloblast

Steps in phagocytosis

CAEPFD

Acidophilic refractile globules which represents gamma globulin synthesis; predominant in multiple myeloma

Russel bodies

Erythrocytes found in lead poisoning exhibit coarse granules composed of ____ that are reported as ____.

Aggregated RNA; basophilic stippling

Usual serum iron and transferrin levels observed in patients with anemia of chronic disorders

Serum iron decreased | Transferrin decreased

Also known as F thalassemia

Beta thalassemia intermedia

Homozygous type of beta thalassemia

Cooley's anemia

Erythrocytes present themselves as ____ in abetalipoproteinemia.

Acanthocytes

Confirmatory test for PNH

Flow cytometry of CD55 and C59

Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis is an erythrocyte membrane defect characterized by:

Misshapen budding fragmentation cells

In examining a Wright stained blood smear of a patient who just had splenectomy, one will most likely find:

Howell Jolly bodies

Sickle cell trait: ___% HbA, ___% HbS

60; 40

At pH 6, this Hb migrates to the same position as Hb A2

Hb S

Substitution of a single amino acid residual, lysine, for glutamic acid in the 6th position from the amino terminal end of the beta chain

Hb C

Light-blue gray inclusions most likely observed in the cytoplasm of many bands and neutrophils of a burn patient

Dohle bodies

Differentiate May-Hegglin bodies from Dohle bodies

Leukopenia with thrombocytopenia & giant platelets

Syndrome observed in partial albinism

Chediak-Higashi

Anomaly characterized by mucopolysaccharidosis

Alder-Reilly

Abnormal WBC most commonly found in a PBS of a patient with IM

Reactive lymphocytes

Pince nez appearance of neutrophil

Pelger-Huet

Toxic granulations are most frequently seen in:

Infection Sepsis Chemical poisoning (lead)

Bone marrow in alpha thalassemia major usually demostrates:

Hyperplasia

In regulating the cell cycle, the ___ checkpoint checks the DNA for damage and makes the cell either wait for repair or initiates apoptosis.

The ___ checkpoint checks DNA for damage and completion of replication.

S-phase

The ___ checkpoint takes place after DNA synthesis and verifies that replication took place without error or damage.

Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by ___ & ___.

Cyclin; cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)

One of the first tumor suppressor genes recognized was ___ (detects DNA damage during G1).

TP53

Production of megakaryocytes begins during the ____ phase.

Hepatic

The ____ in the bone marrow provide structural support for the developing blood cells that mature within a sea of interposed mature adipocytes.

Trabeculae

____ are bone-forming cells and ____ are bone-resorbing cells.

Osteoblasts; osteoclasts

What are the two models believed to describe the fate of HSCs?

Stochastic & instructive

This implies that the cell's fate is determined by intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Hematopoietic inductive microenvironment

Protein responsible for holding organelles in proper location in the cytoplasm of RBC precursors

Vimentin

Digests the ribosomes in the polychromatophilic normoblast

Endoribonuclease

Where is the primary oxygen-sensing system of the body located?

Peritubular fibroblasts of the kidney

Binding of EPO to the extracellular domain of the EPOR activates ____ signal transducers.

Janus-activated tyrosine kinase (JAK2)

EPO induces erythroid precursors to secrete ____, which acts on hepatocytes to decrease hepcidin production.

Erythroferrone

____ hepcidin production allows more iron to be absorbed from the intestines to increase hemoglobin synthesis.

Decreased

Glucose enters the RBC through facilitated diffusion via the transmembrane protein ____.

Glut-1

With the absence of G6PD, erythrocytes are particularly vulnerable to ____.

Oxidative damage

Any disruption in transport protein function changes the osmotic tension of the cytoplasm, leading to a ____ in viscosity, & loss of ____.

Rise; deformability

What process initiates various energy-dependent cellular activities through signaling receptors?

Signal transduction

Bands migrate through SDS gel, with their velocity a property of their MW & net charge, and are identified using ____ dye.

Coomassie blue

Glycophorins, with abundant side chains, are stained using ____.

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

Decreases in transmembrane protein ____ expression has been linked with hereditary spherocytosis.

Aquaporin-1