Hematologic and Immunologic Diseases

Question 1

Red Blood Cells

Answer 1

• Erythrocytes produced in the bone marrow
• Leave bone marrow as reticulocytes and mature in RBC
• Contains hemoglobin which carries oxygen

Question 2

Total Blood Volume

Answer 2

Weight Kg x 0.08 = L

Question 3

White Blood Cells

Answer 3

• Leukocytes

- cells of the immune system both infectious disease and foreign invaders

Question 4

Thrombocytes

Answer 4

• Platelets
• Circulate our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels
• Made in bone marrow

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

• Liquid component of blood
• hold albumin and fibrinogen
• contains antibodies
• clotting factors

Question 6

Anemia

Answer 6

-Body does not have enough healthy RBC

Question 7

Regenerative Anemia

Answer 7

• Bone marrow is producing new RBC to replace the deficiency

- Result of hemorrhage or hemolysis

Question 8

Non-regenerative Anemia

Answer 8

-Bone marrow is not producing new RBC to replace deficiency

Question 9

Chronic Anemia

Answer 9

• body has had time to acclimate so initial presentation more vague
• weakness, lethargy, anorexia, pale MM

Question 10

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 10

• Chronic blood loss causes loss of iron; iron cannot be recycled
• Caused by fleas, GI parasites

Question 11

Bloodborne parasites

Answer 11

-produce anemia via hemolysis

Question 12

Mycoplasma Haemofelis

Answer 12

• Anemia in cats

- via ticks or fleas

Question 13

Babesia Canis

Answer 13

• Anemia in dogs

- Via ticks

Question 14

Cytauxzoon Felis

Answer 14

• Protozoan parasite
• “Bobcat Fever”
• Via tick
• Cats usually die quickly

Question 15

Toxin Induced Anemia

Answer 15

• Heinz Bodies: hemoglobulin denaturation
• Cats most susceptible
• Causes: onions, acetaminophen

Question 16

Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA)

Answer 16

• Antibodies attach to RBC membrane
• Type II
• Middle-aged dogs, cocker spaniels
• Tachycardia, tachypnea, icteric, and pale MM
• Saline agglutination test, Direct Coombs Test

Question 17

Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP)

Answer 17

• Bodies immune system starts to damage and destroy platelets
• Middle-aged dogs
• Spontaneous bleeding, epistaxis, petechial hemorrhages on skin
• 20% mortality rate

Question 18

Megakaryocytes

Answer 18

• Cells in the bone marrow are responsible for making platelets
• Forms platelet plugs that block vessel and prevent hemorrhage
• stimulate clotting cascade

Question 19

Von Willebrand Disease

Answer 19

• Most common disorder of hemostasis
• Inherited gene
• Most common in Dobermans and german shepherds
• Petechiae, prolonged bleeding from venipuncture
• Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time >4 minutes long

Question 20

Feline Lymphoma

Answer 20

-70% occurring in FeLV positive cats

Question 21

Mediastinal Lymphoma

Answer 21

• Young cats, 2-3 years old
• 80% FeLV positive
• Pleural Effusion, dyspnea

Question 22

GI Lymphoma

Answer 22

• Older cats
• 70% FeLV negative
• Vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss

Question 23

Feline Multicentric Lymphoma

Answer 23

• Most FeLV positive cats
• 4 years of age on average
• weight loss, enlarged peripheral lymph nodes

Question 24

Canine Lymphoma

Answer 24

• Most die within 4-6 weeks after diagnosis if left untreated
• generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss

Question 25

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Answer 25

• Interacts with lymphocytes
• Transmitted through bites
• Periodic fevers, chronic infections, gingivitis, stomatitis, weight loss
• Western Blo Test, ELISA Test
• Kittens may have positive antibodies from mother; retest at 6 months old