Hematologic and Immunologic Diseases Flashcards
Red Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes produced in the bone marrow
- Leave bone marrow as reticulocytes and mature in RBC
- Contains hemoglobin which carries oxygen
Total Blood Volume
Weight Kg x 0.08 = L
White Blood Cells
- Leukocytes
- cells of the immune system both infectious disease and foreign invaders
Thrombocytes
- Platelets
- Circulate our blood and bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels
- Made in bone marrow
Plasma
- Liquid component of blood
- hold albumin and fibrinogen
- contains antibodies
- clotting factors
Anemia
-Body does not have enough healthy RBC
Regenerative Anemia
- Bone marrow is producing new RBC to replace the deficiency
- Result of hemorrhage or hemolysis
Non-regenerative Anemia
-Bone marrow is not producing new RBC to replace deficiency
Chronic Anemia
- body has had time to acclimate so initial presentation more vague
- weakness, lethargy, anorexia, pale MM
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Chronic blood loss causes loss of iron; iron cannot be recycled
- Caused by fleas, GI parasites
Bloodborne parasites
-produce anemia via hemolysis
Mycoplasma Haemofelis
- Anemia in cats
- via ticks or fleas
Babesia Canis
- Anemia in dogs
- Via ticks
Cytauxzoon Felis
- Protozoan parasite
- “Bobcat Fever”
- Via tick
- Cats usually die quickly
Toxin Induced Anemia
- Heinz Bodies: hemoglobulin denaturation
- Cats most susceptible
- Causes: onions, acetaminophen
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA)
- Antibodies attach to RBC membrane
- Type II
- Middle-aged dogs, cocker spaniels
- Tachycardia, tachypnea, icteric, and pale MM
- Saline agglutination test, Direct Coombs Test
Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia (IMTP)
- Bodies immune system starts to damage and destroy platelets
- Middle-aged dogs
- Spontaneous bleeding, epistaxis, petechial hemorrhages on skin
- 20% mortality rate
Megakaryocytes
- Cells in the bone marrow are responsible for making platelets
- Forms platelet plugs that block vessel and prevent hemorrhage
- stimulate clotting cascade
Von Willebrand Disease
- Most common disorder of hemostasis
- Inherited gene
- Most common in Dobermans and german shepherds
- Petechiae, prolonged bleeding from venipuncture
- Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time >4 minutes long
Feline Lymphoma
-70% occurring in FeLV positive cats
Mediastinal Lymphoma
- Young cats, 2-3 years old
- 80% FeLV positive
- Pleural Effusion, dyspnea
GI Lymphoma
- Older cats
- 70% FeLV negative
- Vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss
Feline Multicentric Lymphoma
- Most FeLV positive cats
- 4 years of age on average
- weight loss, enlarged peripheral lymph nodes
Canine Lymphoma
- Most die within 4-6 weeks after diagnosis if left untreated
- generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
- Interacts with lymphocytes
- Transmitted through bites
- Periodic fevers, chronic infections, gingivitis, stomatitis, weight loss
- Western Blo Test, ELISA Test
- Kittens may have positive antibodies from mother; retest at 6 months old
