Hematologic Flashcards
IDA, Pernicious Anemia, Aplastic anemia, hemolytic Anemia, Polycythemia Vera
RBC
Leukemia, multiple myeloma
Lymphoma, infectious Mononucleosis, splenic rupture, hypersplenism
WBC AND PLASMA CELL: LYMPH NODES AND SPLEEN
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia, hypoprothrombinemiq d.I.c.
HEMORRHAGIC DISORDER: ALTERED COAGULATION:
Inadequate absorption/ excessive loss of iron
Microcytic hypochromic
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Megaloblastic anemia
Production and peripheral profile ration of immature large dysfunctional erythrocytes due to folic acid deficiency
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Characterized by a failure of gastric mucosa to produce an intrinsic factor essential for absorption of vitamin B12
Macrocytic, hyperchromic
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Characterized by a bone marrow hypoplasia or Aplasia (failure) depression of each N bone marrow elements (red,white cells, platelets)
Bone marrow has been replaced by fatty tissues.
APLASTIC ANEMIA
Chronic premature destruction of RBC’s due to decrease in available oxygen causing hypoxia.
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Coleey’s anemia
Autosomal recessive disorder
Characterized by reduced production of one of the globin chains in the synthesis of hemoglobin
Incidence highest in Mediterranean descent
Treatment is supportive and the goal of the therapy is to maintain normal hemoglobin levels by the administration of blood transfusion.
BETA THALASSEMIA MAJOR
A proliferative disorder in which the myeloid stem cells become uncontrolled
Causative factor-unknown; classified as primary (idiopathic) or Secondary (known cause)
Refers to an increase volume of RBC’s
Hematocrit is elevated to more than 55%
POLYCYTHEMIA
Malignant disorders of blood forming cells characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow-replacing marrow elements. WBC can also proliferate in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes.
Affects the bone marrow, causing anemia from decreased RBC’s WBC’s and platelet,
The cause is unknown
LEUKEMIA
Risk factor of Leukemia
GENETIC
VIRAL
IMMUNOLOGICAL
EXPOSURE TO RADIATION, CHEMICAL OR MEDICATIONS
Most common
(3-7 years) Prognosis is fair
Fatigue, weakness, anorexia
Fever
Petechiae-size of pinheads
Ecchymoses-large bruise area
ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC
All ages - prognosis is poor
Fatigue, weakness, anorexia
Fever
Petechiae
Ecchymoses
Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
Auger rods in myeloblast
ACUTE MYELOGENOUS
50 years - Prognosis is poor
Fatigue, weakness, anorexia
Fever
Night sweats
Splenomegaly
Philadelphia chromosomes
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS
70 years prognosis is fair
Insidious onset
Few symptoms
Low Ig levels
Infections
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC
4 phases of Chemotherapy
RADIATION THERAPY
GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (G-CSF)
STEM CELL TRANSPLANT
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Involves treating cancer with
Beams of high-energy particles, or waves (radiation), such as gamma rays.
RADIATION THERAPY
A drug stimulates the bone marrow to make more WBC, thereby preventing the consequences of neutropenia
GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (G-CSF)
Is similar to BMT except the cells are collected from stem cells that circulate in the bloodstream (peripheral blood)
STEM CELL TRANSPLANT
Most common neoplastic disorder of the plasma cell within the bone
Bone marrow malignancy
An excessive number of abnormal plasma cells invading the bone marrow and ultimately destroy bone, invasion of the Lymph nodes, spleen and liver occurs.
Causes decreased production of immunoglobulin and antibodies and increased levels of Uric acid and calcium which can lead to renal failure.
Develops slowly and cause is unknown
At risk for pathological fractures.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Hodgkin’s & Non-Hodgkin’s disease
Lymphosarcoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Malignancy of the lymph nodes that originates in a single lymph nodes or a chain of nodes
LYMPHOMA
Aka: glandular/ kissing disease
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Increased destruction of platelets with platelet count less than 100,000/mm3 characterized by petechiae and ecchymosis of skin.
Exact mechanism unknown
Often preceded by a viral illness
Spleen not enlarged
IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
