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ACP Board Basics 3 > Hema > Flashcards

Hema Flashcards

0
Q

Diagnostic test for PNH

A

Flow cytometry

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1
Q

Markers absent on erythrocytes in patients with PNH

A

CD55 and CD59

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2
Q

Virus that causes chronic pure red cell aplasia in patients with AIDS and transient transient aplastic crisis in patients with sickle cell disease

A

Parvovirus B19

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3
Q

Treatment for PNH that reduces intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and the need for transfusion

A

Eculizumab

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4
Q

First-line therapy in young patients with aplastic anemia (less than 40 years)

A

HSCT

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5
Q

Treatment for patients with AIDS and chronic parvovirus B19 infection

A

IV immune globulin

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6
Q

Most frequent cause of normocytic anemia

A

Inflammatory anemia

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7
Q

Serum ferritin level that rules out iron deficiency, even with inflammation

A

More than 100 ng/mL

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8
Q

Percentage of patients with iron deficiency with normal MCV

A

33%

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9
Q

Most common cause of microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency

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10
Q

First morphologic sign of iron deficiency

A

Hypochromia (decreased MCHC)

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11
Q

Most useful test in the diagnosis of iron deficiency

A

Serum ferritin

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12
Q

Standard treatment (and duration) for iron deficiency

A

Oral iron for 6 months

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13
Q

Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels in vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Both increased

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14
Q

Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels in folate deficiency

A

Elevated homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid

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15
Q

Initial therapy for warm-antibody and cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

Corticosteroids

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16
Q

First-line therapy for hereditary spherocytosis and transfusion-dependent thalassemias

A

Splenectomy

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17
Q

Standard treatment for severe thalassemia and severe PNH

A

Stem cell transplantation

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18
Q

Supplement needed by all patients with hemolytic anemia

A

Folic acid

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19
Q

Best time to test for enzyme concentrations in G6PD deficiency

A

2-3 months after a hemolytic event

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20
Q

Diagnostic test for sickle cell syndromes

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

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21
Q

Transfusion target in sickle cell disease to avoid hyperviscosity

A

Hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL

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22
Q

Hemoglobin seen in alpha-thalassemia with three-gene deletion

A

Hemoglobin H (4 beta)

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23
Q

Hemoglobin seen in alpha-thalassemia with four-gene deletion resulting in hydrops fetalis

A

Hemoglobin Bart’s

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24
Q

Also known as Cooley anemia

A

Beta-thalassemia major

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25
Q

Drug-induced ITP is most often linked to these drugs

A

Quinine or quinidine

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26
Q

First-line therapy for ITP

A

Corticosteroids

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27
Q

Thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents used in refractory cases of ITP

A

Eltrombopag, romiplostim

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28
Q

Most common cause of thrombocytopenia in a pregnant patient

A

Gestational thrombocytopenia

29
Q

Treatment for TTP

A

Plasma exchange

30
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of HIT

A

Serotonin release assay

31
Q

Hallmark of primary hemostasis failure

A

Mucocutaneous bleeding (epistaxis, gingival bleeding, easy bruising, menorrhagia)

32
Q

Treatment for intracranial bleeding due to excessive warfarin administration

A

Recombinant human factor VIIa or prothrombin complex concentrate

33
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

34
Q

Treatment for vWD with mild to moderate bleeding or before minor invasive procedures

A

DDAVP

35
Q

Transfusion reaction diagnosed by an assay for antibodies to human platelet antigen-1a

A

Posttransfusion purpura

36
Q

Treatment for posttransfusion purpura

A

IV immune globulin

37
Q

Prevention for transfusion-associated GVHD

A

Gamma irradiation of cellular blood components

38
Q

Most common defects leading to thrombophilia (2)

A

Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations

39
Q

Most common hereditary thrombophilia in white populations

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

40
Q

Most common acquired thrombophilia

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

41
Q

Most common malignant plasma cell dyscrasia

A

Multiple myeloma

42
Q

Presence of hepatomegaly in multiple myeloma should prompt evaluation for this condition

A

Amyloidosis

43
Q

Preferred pretransplant induction chemotherapeutic regimen for multiple myeloma

A

Dexamethasone plus lenalidomide (or thalidomide)

44
Q

Treatment for multiple myeloma in patients who are not transplant candidates

A

Melphalan and prednisone

45
Q

Vaccine indicated for multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib

A

Varicella-zoster vaccine

46
Q

Drug to be avoided in multiple myeloma patients who are candidates for stem cell transplantation

A

Melphalan

47
Q

Most common myeloproliferative disorder

A

Essential thrombocythemia

48
Q

Treatment for erythromelalgia in patients with essential thrombocythemia

A

Low-dose aspirin

49
Q

Patients with essential thrombocythemia who do not require therapy

A

Age less than 60, asymptomatic, and platelet less than 1.5 million

50
Q

Tests to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary erythrocytosis (2)

A

JAK2 mutation, low erythropoietin

51
Q

Hematocrit levels to diagnose polycythemia vera

A

Men >60%, women >56%

52
Q

Treatment of choice for patients with polycythemia vera and at high risk for thrombosis (2)

A

Hydroxyurea and phlebotomy

53
Q

Goal hematocrit in therapeutic phlebotomy for polycythemia vera

A

Less than 42% in women, less than 45% in men

54
Q

Intervention contraindicated in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia because it does not improve mortality and increases risk of progression to leukemia

A

Splenectomy

55
Q

Treatment for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia in patients less than 60 years

A

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation

56
Q

Specific treatment for 5q-syndrome subtype of MDS

A

Lenalidomide

57
Q

Most common leukemia encountered in adults

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

58
Q

An aggressive relapse of CLL with B symptoms, massive lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly

A

Richter transformation

59
Q

Single drug treatment for stage III or IV CLL in older patients

A

Chlorambucil

60
Q

Markers detected on flow cytometry in hairy cell leukemia

A

CD11 and CD103

61
Q

Treatment for hairy cell leukemia

A

Cladribine (purine analog)

62
Q

Of all the leukemias, this will most likely involve significant thrombocytopenia with bleeding, bruising, petechiae, and infection

A

AML

63
Q

Physical examination findings that suggest an alternative or concomitant diagnosis other than AML

A

Lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly

64
Q

Blood smear findings pathognomonic of AML

A

Auer rods

65
Q

Three cytogenetic abnormalities that carry a good prognosis

A

t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16)

66
Q

Percentage of bone marrow blasts to confirm a diagnosis of AML

A

More than 20%

67
Q

Treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia

A

ATRA

68
Q

Drug combination that can induce higher remission rates in AML

A

Cytatabine and an anthracycline (daunorubicin or idarubicin)

69
Q

Drug used to induce remission in relapsed older adult patients with CD33+ AML

A

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

70
Q

Treatment for retinoic acid syndrome

A

Dexamethasone

ACP Board Basics 3 (10 decks)

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