CVS Flashcards
Active cardiac conditions (4) that warrant delay of elective surgery for further evaluation or treatment
(1) Unstable coronary syndromes, (2) decompensated HF, (3) significant arrhythmia, (4) severe valvular disease
Patients with an episode of pulmonary edema should delay elective surgery for this duration
1 week
For patients who received angioplasty and stenting, elective surgery should be postponed for at least this duration after bare-metal stent placement
4-6 weeks
12 months if drug-eluting stent
Chest pain is the presenting symptom of postoperative MI in only this percentage of patients
50%
Peak incidence of postoperative MI is during this number of hours after surgery
24 to 48 hours
Classic symptom of peripheral arterial disease
Intermittent claudication
Ankle-brachial index in peripheral arterial disease
0.90 or less
When the ABI is greater than 1.40, this test will provide a better assessment of lower extremity perfusion
Toe-brachial index
Contraindications to cilostazol (2)
Low LVEF or history of HF
Size of asymptomatic AAA that warrants surgical repair
5.5 cm or greater
or those growing 0.5 cm or more per year, or symptomatic
Monitoring for unrepaired AAA measuring 4.0 to 5.4 cm
Ultrasound every 6 months
Every 2-3 years for smaller AAAs
Patients should be counselled against pregnancy if the aortic root diameter exceeds this value
4 cm
Class of drugs that reduce the rate of thoracic aortic dilation in thoracic aneurysms
Beta blockers
Confirmatory test for coarctation of the aorta
Magnetic resonance angiography
Chest x-ray findings in coarctation of the aorta (2)
“Figure 3” sign and notching on the undersides of the posterior ribs
Balloon dilation is indicated in coarctation of the aorta if the pressure gradient exceeds this value
20 mmHg
A golden or brightly refractile cholesterol body within a retinal artery; pathognomonic for atheroembolism
Hollenhorst plaque
Most common cause of ventricular rates 30 to 50 per min
Third-degree block
Pulmonary side effects of adenosine (2)
Cough and bronchospasm
Duration of anticoagulation prior to elective cardioversion for patients with chronic AF
3 weeks
Diagnostic procedure of choice for prosthetic valve dysfunction
TEE
Addition of this drug to warfarin further decreases the risk of thromboembolism and is recommended in all patients with prosthetic heart valves
Aspirin
Most common cause of significant MR
Mitral valve prolapse
Prolonged use of these drugs (3) is associated with chronic MR
Ergotamine, pergolide, or cabergoline
* Goldman - also dexfenfluramine and fenfluramine
Target MAP for patients with acute MR
Less than 60 mmHg
Aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding due to acquired von Willebrand disease
Heyde syndrome
Treatment for acute pericarditis that increases risk of recurrence
Corticosteroids
Most common ECG abnormality associated with cardiac amyloidosis
Low voltage complexes
Third-line agent for HCM (after beta blockere and CCBs)
Disopyramide
Three major risk factors for sudden death in HCM
Prev cardiac arrest, spontaneous sustained VT, first-degree relative with sudden death
Serum BNP level that effectively excludes HF as a cause of acute dyspnea
Less than 100 pg/mL
ICD is indicated for patients with HF and this EF
35% or less
Biventricular pacing is indicated for NYHA class III-IV HF with this EF and QRS duration
35% or less; more than 120 ms
Biventricular pacing is indicated for NYHA class II HF with this EF and QRS duration
30% or less; more than 150 ms
Indication for cardiac transplantation in HF
VO2max less than 14 mL/kg/min or less than 50% age-predicted maximum
Appropriate stress test for patients with nonspecific baseline ECG changes or complete RBBB
Exercise ECG
Appropriate stress test for patients with LBBB
Vasodilator MPI
Appropriate stress test for patients with ventricular paced rhythm
Pharmacologic stress MPI
Dose of ranolazine should be reduced when taken together with these anti-ischemic drugs (2)
Diltiazem or verapamil
Preferred aldosterone antagonist in acute MI
Eplerenone
ICD implantation after STEMI should be done after this number of days since MI
40 days
All post-MI patients should be screened for this psychiatric condition as it is associated with increased hospitalization and death
Depression
