HEM&ONC Flashcards
Shift oxy-hemoglobin curve to left
Metabolic alkalosis Decreased body temp Increased Hgb F
Shift oxy0hemoglobin curve to the right
Metabolic acidosis Increased body temp High altitude Exercise
5 causes of microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency Lead poisoning Anemia of chronic disease Sideroblastic anemia Thalassemias
3 causes of normocytic anemia
Hemolytic anemia Anemia of chronic disease Hypovolemia
Normal MCV Increased retake count Increased indirect bill Increased LDH Decreased serum haptoglobin
Hemolytic anemia
Pathology of G6PD deficiency
Deficiency of G6PD (enzyme required to repair oxidative damage to RBCs) Ingestio nof an oxidant causes excessive hemoylsis
Heinz bodies
Small densities of Hgb in RBC seen in GG6PD deficiency
Oxidants that exacerbate G6PD deficiency
Fava beans High dose ASA Sulfa Dapsone Quinine/quinidine Primaquine Nitrofurantoin
Serum iron and ferritin in sideroblastic anemia
Increased
Which thalassemia shows basophilic stippling
Beta
Gingival lead lines, peripheral neuropathy, decreased MCV
Lead poisoning anemia (acquired sideroblastic anemia)
Treamtnet for lead poisoning
EDTA or Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Drugs that can cause aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, phenytoin, chemotherapeutics
H/P of aplastic anemia
Persistent infections Poor clotting Easy brusiing
Defective heme synthesis
Sideroblastic anemia
Causes of sideroblastic anemia (3) - acquired
Alcohol Isoniazid Lead poisoning
Tx of hereditary sideroblastic anemia
Vitamin B6. Significant iron overload requires therapeutic phlebotomy or chelation with deferoxamine.
Complication in 10% of sideroblastic anemia patients
Acute leukemia
SORE tongue points to what kind of anemia
folate deficiency
How many abnormal genes do pts with alpha thalassemia minor have
Two
What kind of Hb increases in pts with B-thalassemia minor
HbA2
What kind of Hb is increased in pts with B-thalassemia major
HbA2 and F
Complications of thalassemias
Chronic iron overload from repeat transfusions causes damage to heart and liver.
Diff between sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia
SCD causes production of DEFECTIVE beta chains. In B-thalassemia, decreased production of NORMAL beta chains.
“fish mouth vertebrae”
sickle cell disease
Encapsulated organisms
S pneumo H influenzae N. meningitidis Klebsiella
What type of hypersensitivity is drug-induced hemolytic anemia
Type II
Increased PT/INR indicates decreased function of which factors
Factors II, VII, IX, X
Increased PTT indicates decreased function of which factors
IIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa
Monitoring required in LMWH
None :)
Only factors not synthesized by the liver
VWF and VIII therefore they remain normal in liver failure
vWD labs
Increased PTT Increased bleeding time decreased ristocetin cofactor assay
Name 3 GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
Abciximab Tirofiban Eptifibatide
Name 2 drugs you can use for HIT patients
lepirudin Argatroban Direct thrombin inhibitors