DERMATOLOGY Flashcards
2 most common causative organisms in Cellulitis
Staph aureus and group A strep
Treatment of cellulitis
Oral ceph or pen-resistant beta lactase for 10-14 days
linezolid or IV vance for MRSA or cases not responding to initial antibiotic therapy.
Causative agent in most necrotizing fasciitis
Group A strep
Causative agents in Impetigo
S auresu or group A strep
2 common causes of acne outbreaks in adulthood
Corticosteroid use
Androgen production disorders
First line tx for acne vulgaris
Topical retinoids, whicch decrease sebaceous gland activity and normalize follicular keratinization
Immunocompromised patients are at an increased risk for developing which 2 complications from varicella infection?
Encephalopathy
Retinitis
Tx of scabies
Permethrin or oral ivermectin
Pruritis, erythematous scaly plaques with central clearing
Tinea infections. Microsporum, trichophyton, or epidermophyton.
Most allergic contact derm is what hypersensitivity?
Type IV
Labs in erythema multiforme
Increased eosinophils
Skin bx shows increased lymphocytes and necrotic keratinocytes
Infectious causes of erythema multiforme
HSV and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Difference between SJS and TEN?
SJS: no more than 10% of skin sloughing
TEN: >30%
IDk about in between ?!
Tx for pityriasis rosea
Self limited! Topical steroids, phototherapy or erythromycin may decrease duration
Describe erythema nodosum
Inflammation of SUBQ FAT SEPTA resulting in painful erythematous nodules – > most commonly on anterior tibias
Pemphigus vulgaris H/P
PAIN, FRAGILE BLISTERS in OROPHARYNX and on chest, face, and perineal region
Positive nikolsky’s sign
Labs in pemphigus vulgaris
Skin bx shows separating of epidermal cells (PACANTHOLYSIS) with intact BM
Tx of pemphigus vulgaris
Corticosteroids ,azathioprine or cyclophosphamide
Pathophys of bulls pemphigoid
Autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibdodies to epidermal BM
Tx of bullous pemphigoid
Oral or topical corticosteroids or azathioprine
Pathophys of porphyria cuteneouRisks tarda
Deficiency of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in heme metabolism
Risk factors for pemphigus vulgaris
Alcoholism, hep C, iron overload, estrogen use, smoking
H&P of porphyria cutanea tarda
Chronic blistering lesions on unexposed skin, hyper pigmented skin, facial hypertrichosis, ruptured blisters heal poory and result in scarring
Labs in porphyria cutanea tarda
Elevated AST and ALT, increased total plasma porphyrin, increased urine porphyrins, decreased uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Tx of porphyria cuteness tarda
Periodic phlebotomy
Low-dose chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine
Sunscreen
Avoid triggers
Tx of actinic keratosis
Even when its suggested, biopsy a lesion to rule out SCC. Tx with topical 5-FU or imiquimod, cryotherapy.
Arsenic exposure increases risk for what cancer?
SCC
Tx of SCC
Mohs excision for lesions on face. Radiation may be helpful in large lesions.
Biopsy shows basophilic-staining basal epidermal cells arranged in palisades
Basal cell
Most common melanoma
Superficial spreading
Time frame for tx of varicella
72 hours
SE of oral isotretinoin
Teratogen
Dry skin/mucous membranes – > cracking – > infection
Hypertriglyceridemia – > pancreatitis
Hepatotox
Depression/suicidal thoughts
Pseudotumor cerebri esp with tetracycline use
Tx of tinea capitis
Oral griseofulvin or terbinafine
Tx for rosacea
Sulfacetamide, topical metronidazole.
Wickhams striae
White lace like pattern seen on lesions of lichen planus
Tx of psoriasis
Topical steroids
Calcipotriene
Tazarotene
coal tar
Horse chestnut seed extract can help treat
Stasis dermatitis.
