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Pediatrics > Hem/Onc > Flashcards

Hem/Onc Flashcards

1
Q

Iron def anemia - PE?

A

fatigue
glossitis
koilonychia
plummer-vinson sx

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2
Q

Alpha Thalassemia - labs?

A

MILD anemia
MCV is LOW
RBC is NORMAL

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3
Q

Alpha Thalassemia - ethnicity?

A

ASIANS

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4
Q

Beta Thalasssemia - ethnicity?

A

GREEK

MEDITERRANEAN

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5
Q

How does adult hemaglobin change from child?

A

INCREASE in A1 and F compared to A

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6
Q

Iron def anemia - labs?

A

HIGH RDW
HIGH TIBC
LOW Fe

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7
Q

Beta Thalassemia minor - labs?

A

NORMAL RDW
NORMAL TIBC
HIGH Fe

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8
Q

Thalassemia - PE?

A

splenomegaly

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9
Q

How to can you differentiate between thalessemia and sickle cell?

A

electrophoresis

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10
Q

Thalessmemia - tx?

A

folate

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11
Q

How to defferentiate between alpha and beta thalessemia?

A

elctrophoresis

beta: increased A2 and F and LOW A
alpha: NORMAL

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12
Q

How to tx microcytic anemia -peds?

A

iron supplement for 3-6mo

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13
Q

How to tx microcytic anemia - adults?

A

check colonoscopy

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14
Q

What is sickle cell?

A

autosomal recessive

AA

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15
Q

Sickle cell carrier?

A

asymptomatic until put in low O2

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16
Q

Sickle cell PE?

A

splenomegaly - removed
ulcers on legs-non healing
systolic murmurs
retoniopathy

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17
Q

Sickle cell - cx of deat?

A

organ failure

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18
Q

Sickle cell - prognosis?

A

40-50yrs

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19
Q

Sickle cell sx?

A

pain crisis - vasoocclusion –> ischemia

kidney cannot concentrate urine

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20
Q

Sickle complications?

A

asplastic crisis

DI

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21
Q

Sickle cell -dx?

A

peripheral smear

electrophoresis

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22
Q

Sickle cell tx?

A

folic acid
abx prophylaxis
opthalmologic exam
hydroxyurea

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23
Q

ITP?

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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24
Q

ITP -PE?

A

pt feels fine but has rash (petechia)

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25
Q

ITP-labs?

A

CBC - normal except thrombocytopenia

peripheral smear: megakaryocytes

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26
Q

ITP -hx?

A

post viral infxn

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27
Q

What 2 viral infxn can show as rash after viral infxn?

A

ITP
HSP
*do CBC; HSP DOES NOT have thrombocytopenia

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28
Q

ITP -tx?

A

mild: >50,000 - self limiting
mod: 10-20K - IV Ig and corticosteroid
severe: <10K - BAD; transfusion needed asap

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29
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia - labs?

A 
decrease WBC 
pancytopenia 
anemia
peripheral smear: blast cells
HIGH uric acid, K, LDH
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30
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia has the highest risk in?

A

down sx

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31
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia - sx?

A 
4P
pallor
pyrexia (fevers and infxn)
petechiae/purpura
pain (bone pain)
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32
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia-PE?

A

splenomegaly

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33
Q

Kid has low WBC, not eating, bruising?

A

ALL

34
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia - tx and prognosis?

A

chemo

good

35
Q

AML?

A

Auer rods

36
Q

CML?

A

philadelphia

37
Q

CLL?

A 
older adults (60yo+)
chronic course
38
Q

CNS tumors - sx?

A 
changes in behavior, mentation
vomiting
increasing in head circumference
seizures
waking up from bad HA
visual disturbances
39
Q

CNS tumors - PE?

A

papilledema

40
Q

CNS tumors - dx?

A

MRI

41
Q

Neuroblastoma?

A

common OUTSIDE BRAIN tumors

42
Q

When is neuroblastoma found?

A

usually metastic stage - not good prognosis

43
Q

Neuroblastoma - sx?

A

wt loss
anorexia
bone pain

44
Q

Neuroblastoma vs ALL?

A

both have bone pain but neuroblastoma has wt loss (warning sign for bad cancer)

45
Q

Neuroblastoma -labs?

A

UA for catacholamines and uric acid

46
Q

Neuroblastoma - imaging?

A

CT

47
Q

Neuroblastoma- tx?

A

surgery and chemo

48
Q

Wilms tumor?

A

ABDOMINAL neuroblastoma

49
Q

Wilms tumor-sx/PE?

A

abdominal mass but NO complaints

50
Q

WAGR syndrome?

A

WAGR

  • Wilms tumor (the tumor itself)
  • Aniridia (absence of iris in both eyes)
  • Genitourinary anomalies
  • mental Retardation
51
Q

Beckwith-Wiedmann sydrome?

A

genetic defect

wilms tumor

52
Q

Wilm tumor imaging?

A

CT/US

53
Q

Wilm tumor- tx?

A

resection and chemo

54
Q

When someone suddenly has an allergic rxn to something they were not allergic to before?

A

IgE has reached the threshold and now they are allergic

memory cells will react to the foreign (now allergic) stuff

55
Q

What is the allergy triad?

A

allergic rhinitis
asthma
eczema

56
Q

Allergic rhinitis - sx?

A 
runny nose
red eyes
Dennie Morgan lines (lines under eyes)
nasal salute (lines on nose) 
nasal mucosa is grey and boggy
57
Q

Allergic rhinitis family hx?

A

atopy

58
Q

Gold standard for allergic rhinitis?

A

skin test

but NOT ALL POSITIVE are ALLERGY

59
Q

Allergic rhinitis tx?

A 
environmental control
antihistmine
leukotriene inhibitors
decongestants
mucinolytic
nasal steroids
60
Q

Allergic rhinitis tx fails?

A

vasomotor rhinitis
sinusitis
CF

61
Q

Food allergy vs food intolerance?

A

allergy: eosinophils and IgE
intolerance: NOT IgE but lacking some sort of protein

62
Q

Food intolerance: enzymatic, pharmocologic, toxin?

A

enzymatic: lacking a protein
pharmocologic: MSG, caffiene
toxin: antihistamine that is naturally found in some foods (tomatoes and strawberries)

63
Q

Food allergy: anaphylaxis vs localized?

A

anaphylaxis: SOB, wheezing, hypotensive
localized: utricaria (hives), eczema

64
Q

What cause MOST food hypersensitive rxn?

A

body is reacting to proteins in food

ie) nuts, eggs, soy

65
Q

What is the most common food allergy in peds?

A

milk protein allergy (cow)

66
Q

Milk protein allergy - sx?

A

bloody diarrhea

67
Q

Mom precaution in milk progein allergic babies?

A

if mom is breast feeding, mom has to avoid milk products too

68
Q

Is milk protein allergy lifelong?

A

no-out grow age of 3

reintroduce in 15mo

69
Q

Is nut allergy lifelong?

A

yes - do not reintroduce

70
Q

When to use epi pen?

A

difficulty breathing
swelling of tongue
collapse
hypotensive

71
Q

Who should know how to use epi pen?

A

asthma pts

no ER facility

72
Q

What IgE mediated allergic manifestation can occur in allergic rhinitis pts?

A

oral allergy sx

73
Q

What is oral allergy sx?

A

may have reaction to certain foods that have a cross rxn with air pollens
able to eat the food after cooked (protein that they are allergic to is denatured)

74
Q

What are 3 humoral immunodeficiencies?

A

bruton
Digeorge*
SCIDS*

75
Q

What is DIgeorge sx?

A

missing the 4th pharayngeal outpoutching - needed for the superior parathyroid gland - ABSENT PARATHYROID
CARDIAC DEFECTS
developmental delays

76
Q

DiGeorge sx-sx?

A 
sx AT BIRTH
cyanosis
HYPOcalcemic seizures - d/t ABSENT PARATHYROID
ABNORMAL FACIES
CARDIAC DEFECTS
Tcell dysfxn
77
Q

DiGeorge sx- tx?

A

cardiac surgery
Vit D and Ca
bone marrow transplant

78
Q

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency -tx?

A

protective isolation

bone marrow transplant

79
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency?

A

leukocytes are not able to migrate from vasculature to the tissue

80
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency - prognosis?

A

NOT GOOD (no more than 2yo)

81
Q

Umbilical chord doesn’t fall off ?

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

82
Q

DiGeorge sx -dx?

A

chromosomal FISH analysis

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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