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Pediatrics > General Peds > Flashcards

General Peds Flashcards

1
Q

What does pediatrics focus on?

A

primary prevention

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2
Q

What does adult med focus on?

A

secondary and tertiary prevention

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3
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

vaccine

prevents things from occuring

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4
Q

What are pediatric normal values?

A

based on bell curve

normal: 5th-95th%
low: 95%

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5
Q

What is a fever?

A

100.4F

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6
Q

What is tachycardia in babies?

A

> 200

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7
Q

What is RR overtime?

A

30-60 –> 20-40 –> 10-20

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8
Q

What is newborn?

A

1-2 mo

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9
Q

Infant?

A

2-24 mo (2yrs)

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10
Q

Child?

A

24-48mo (toddler)

5-11yo (school)

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11
Q

Adolescent?

A

12-18yo (teens)

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12
Q

What is important during peds exam?

A

DEVELOPMENTAL (social, language, intellectual/cognitive/motor)

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13
Q

What is developmental delay?

A

not reaching milestones

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14
Q

When to do head circumference chart?

A

0-36mo

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15
Q

Exam -2mo?

A 
primitive reflexes intact
look at familiar/parents
coos
turn head toward sound
hold head
smooth movements of arms and legs
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16
Q

Exam -2 mo red flags?

A 
no watching
no smile
no hand to mouth 
no response to sound
no holding head
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17
Q

Exam - 4mo?

A 
no more primitive reflex
play w/ people 
copies movement and sounds
babbles
smiles, laughs, and cries in diff ways
responds to affection
reaches toy w/one hand
holds unsupported head 
roll over
pushes up to elbows
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18
Q

Exam -4mo red flags?

A

trouble moving one or both eyes
no smile (2mo)
no steady head (2mo)
no coo (2mo)

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19
Q

Exam - 6mo?

A 
increased tone/strength 
equilibrium
able to tell strangers
play w/ others
looks happy
look at mirror
vowels and consonants
responds to name 
look around
transfer objects hand to hand
rolls over in both direction
sit without support
rocks back and forth
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20
Q

Exam -6mo red flags?

A 
no affection
no vowel
no roll over
no laugh
tight muscles or rag doll
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21
Q

Exam - 9mo?

A 
parachute reflex
afraid of strangers
favorite toys
understands NO
mamama and bababa and dadada
fingers to point
looks for things you hide
peek-a-boo
picks up cereal (thumb and index)
sitting position
stand
crawls
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22
Q

Exam - 9mo red flags?

A 
no sitting
no babbling
no games 
no response to name
no looking where you point
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23
Q

Exam - 12mo?

A 
CBC & LEAD TESTING
*1st words
*1st steps
*ONE word
*ONE step commands
cries w/no mom or dad
fear
responds to simple request
simple gestures (no , bye bye)
start to understand words
shaking, banging, throwing things
finds hidden things easily
drinks from cup
pokes w/ index finger
cruising (walks holding on furniture)
first steps
stand alone
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24
Q

Exam - 12mo red flag?

A 
loses skills 
no point
no crawl
no stand
no words
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25
Q

Exam -18 mo ?

A 
tantrums (frustration of no vocab dictionary)
pretend
play alone
explore w/ parents nearby
says words (10-12)
point what he wants
scribbles
follow 1 step verbal commands
climb stairs
pulls toys while walking
eat w/ spoon
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26
Q

Exam-18mo red flags?

A

no care if caregiver leaves

loses skills

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27
Q

Exam - 24 mo?

A

*sentences 2-3 words
*2 step instruction
*2 for points –> copies lines
*2 for towers –> stack blocks
*strangers understand 2/4
independent
defiant behavior
know body parts
follow simple instruction
repeats words
completes sentences
names items
stands on tiptoe
kicks ball
run
climb down furniture

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28
Q

Exam -24mo red flags?

A

no 2 words
no follow direction
no walk steadily
loses skills

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29
Q

Exam - 36mo?

A 
SPATIAL
*3 words sentences
*strangers understand 3/4
*rides TRIcycle
*puzzles 3-4 pieces
affection for friends
emotions
separates from mom and dad
dresses and undresses
says first name, age, sex
names friends
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30
Q

Exam -36mo red flags?

A

no pretend play
no play with other children
no eye contact

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31
Q

Exam -4 yo?

A 
COMPLEX
*40lbs
*40in
*draw 4 sided figures
*stranger understand 4/4 100%
*draws person w/ 2-4 body parts
doing new things
pretends mom and dad
sings song 
tells stories
says first and last name 
use scissors 
plays board/card games
hops and stand on one foot
catch bounced ball
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32
Q

Exam - 4yo red flag?

A

no follow 3 part commands
no understand ‘same’ and ‘different’
no use ‘me’ and ‘you’
speaks unclearly

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33
Q

1yo?

A

NO bottle and binkie
whole milk
dentist appt

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34
Q

3yo?

A

vision screen

dangers of curiosity! (matches, knives)

35
Q

4yo?

A

hearing screen

36
Q

School age?

A 
5-10yr
same sex friendship --> transient
somatic complaints
emotions
math and language
desire to be successful 
master motor skills
37
Q

Adolescent?

A

11-18yo
sex roles develop
friendships are more permanent
invincible
understand hypothetical and deductie reasoning
hormonal changes
scoliosis screen - musculoskeletal maturity

38
Q

Adolescence guidance?

A 
HEEADSSS
Home ok?
Education ok?
Eating ok?
Activities- fave?
Drugs
Safety at home, school?
Sexuality
Suicide/mental health
39
Q

Puberty?

A

hormone induced that cx 2ndry sex characteristics

40
Q

Puberty age?

A

girls: 8-12yo
boys: 9-14yo

41
Q

Tanner/SMR staging?

A

scale 1-5

42
Q

Tanner/SMR female?

A 
1- prepubscent
2 - light hair; breast buddying
3 - darker coarse hair; full breast
4 - adult hair; secondary mound (areola)
5-hair to thigh; darkening tissue around breast
43
Q

Tanner/SMR male?

A

1- prepubscent
2- hair along penis; enlargement of penis, testes
3- darker coarse hair; phallus longing, scrotal texture changes
4- adult hair; penis bigger in circumference, darkening of scrotal skin
5- hair to medial thigh; adult size

44
Q

Constitutional delay?

A 
late bloomers
family hx (+)
NORM PE and labs
bone age is delayed 2-3yrs 
"catch up growing"
45
Q

Familiar short stature?

A

family hx (+)
NORMAL puberty, PE, labs (GH)
bone age is chronological age

46
Q

Pathological short stature?

A 
<5 cm/yr
fetal: chromosomal, Turners sx
maternal: fetal alcohol sx
endocrine: hypothyroidism
non-endocrine: renal tubular acidosis, malabsoprtion, celiac
47
Q

Short and pudgy?

A

endocrine (hypothyroidism)

48
Q

Short and scrawny?

A

nonendocrine (malabsorption, celiac)

49
Q

Tall stature - normal?

A

familial

50
Q

Tall stature - abnormal?

A

Klinefelter sx
marfan sx
excessive GH

51
Q

Marfan sx?

A

acrachnodactyly
subluxation of lens
autosomal dominant
mutant genes

52
Q

Klinefelter sx?

A

small testes
developmental delay
low tesosterone

53
Q

Excessive GH?

A

epiphysis open - gigantism

epiphysis closed - acromegaly

54
Q

Screening test vs dx test?

A

screening: NO sx are present
dx: sx ARE present

55
Q

Screening test for peds?

A 
anemia
lead
hearing
vision
language
56
Q

Anemia screening-age?

A

9-12mo

women: every 5-10yrs

57
Q

Anemia RF?

A

women have long menses, low iron intake
premature infant
early use of cows (before 12mo)
too much milk

58
Q

Iron deficiency?

A

MOST COMMON CX OF ANEMIA IN CHILDHOOD (6mo-2yrs)

59
Q

Iron deficnecy - microcytic/hypochromic?

A

low MCV
incr RDW
decr ferritin

60
Q

Iron def - screening?

A

hgb

hct

61
Q

Iron def - prevention?

A

breast fed infants take iron supplement
start fortified cereal @ 6mo
NON breast fed infants –> fortified formula

62
Q

Baby has cognitive delay?

A

plumbism (lead toxicity)

63
Q

Plubmism - PE?

A 
low
-abdominal pain
-constipation
-hearing loss
-osteopenia
-decrease bone growth
high
-spontaneous abortions
-renal dz
-seizure
64
Q

Lead screening-age?

A

9-12mo

24 mo

65
Q

Lead RF?

A

language delay
chronic anemia
PICA
NE industrial

66
Q

Lead tox tx?

A

admit

67
Q

Hearing screen - types?

A

OAE (otoacoustic emissions)

ABR (auditory brainstem response)

68
Q

Hearing screen -how?

A

newborn screening –> fail –> try again –> fail –> ENT

69
Q

Hearing screen - age?

A 
4yrs
5yrs
6yrs
8yrs
10yrs
70
Q

Hearing screen - RF?

A

parent concerns
family hx
craniofacial anomalies
hx of recurrent otits media/effusion

71
Q

Abnormal speech development?

A

12mo: no babbling
18mo: no single words
24mo: <600 words

72
Q

Vision screen - infancy?

A

object tracking

red reflex

73
Q

Vision screen - toddler?

A

red reflex

74
Q

Vision screen - school age and adolescent?

A

snellen

75
Q

Strabismus?

A

cross eye
estropia - inward
exotropia - outward
NOT visual defect

76
Q

Amblyopia?

A 
lazy eye
VISUAL DEFECT (one brain uses one side more than other)
77
Q

Developmental screening?

A

objective screening

78
Q

Developmental screening - age?

A

9mo
18mo
30mo

79
Q

MCHAT screening?

A

18mo

24mo

80
Q

Autism-age?

A

2-4yo

rarely <2yo

81
Q 
"baby not talking"
"poor eye contact"
"in own world"
"plays alone, not in groups"
"sensitive to sounds, textures, sights"
"self injury"
A

R/O DEAFNESS

AUTISM

82
Q

BP - age?

A

3yo

83
Q

Cholesterol-age?

A

11-12yo

17-18yo

84
Q

CG/Chlamydia-age?

A

sexually active females

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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