Helminths

Question 1

dioecious

Answer 1

have male and female sex organs in separate worms

Question 2

monoecious

Answer 2

worms have both male and female sex organs

Question 3

name the three groups of helminths

Answer 3

nematodes, trematodes, cestodes

Question 4

give a brief description of cestode anatomy (3 parts)

Answer 4

scolex- attaches to intestinal epithelium, may have hooks
proglottid- has testes and ovary
gravid proglottid- further away from scolex, full of eggs to be shed in feces

Question 5

what is unique about taenia life cycle?

Answer 5

pig or cow can be intermediate host
larva creates cysticercus in animal muscle
human eats contaminated meat and cysticercus attaches to intestinal epithelium

Question 6

taenia saginata

Answer 6

beef tapeworm

Question 7

taenia solium

Answer 7

pork tapeworm

Question 8

how can taenia saginata/solium be prevented?

Answer 8

cook or freeze meat

Question 9

What differentiates taenia saginata from taenia solium?

Answer 9

taenia solium has an autoinfection route that causes neurocystocercosis

Question 10

echinococcuus granulosus

Answer 10

canine tapeworm, humans get infected by consuming food or water contaminated by dog feces

Question 11

hydatid disease is related to which helminth?

Answer 11

echinococcus granulosus (canine tapeworm)

Question 12

what is a hydatid cyst?

Answer 12

cyst that embeds in muscle, liver or brain and has many larvae inside, must remove cyst in tact but if it breaks the infection will spread

Question 13

diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 13

fish tapeworm, bothrium=spoon, looks like a spoon; get this from eating contaminated fish (sushi)

Question 14

Clonorchis sinensis

Answer 14

chinese liver fluke, humans eat contaminated fish

Question 15

In life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis, the two intermediate hosts are ____ and ____, the infective stage is _____ and infective route is ____

Answer 15

hosts: snails and fish
infective stage: metacercaria in fish
infective route: oral consumption of fish

Question 16

diphyllobothrium latum clinical presentation

Answer 16

intestinal problems- nausea, vomit, diarrhea
neurological- headache, insomnia
anemia

Question 17

Clonorchis sinensis clinical presentation

Answer 17

similar to hepatitis
walls of bile ducts thicken
liver enlarges
necrosis of liver tissue

Question 18

Three major factors of schistosomiasis

Answer 18

method of human waste disposal
presence of snail intermediate host
contact with cercaria-infested water

Question 19

schistosoma

Answer 19

blood fluke, infection occurs by being in infested , liver and spleen grow large

Question 20

fasciola hepatica

Answer 20

liver fluke, sheep and cattle are hosts,,

Question 21

paragonimus westermani

Answer 21

lung fluke, get this from eating improperly cooked crustraceans

Question 22

enterobius vermicularis

Answer 22

pinworm (nematode), eggs deposited in anus –> scotch tape method

Question 23

wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 23

causes filariasis; effects lymphatic system, elephantitis

Question 24

ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 24

large roundworm in humans, fecal oral contamination, gross pic

Question 25

ancylostoma

Answer 25

hookworm, with teeth, worms suck blood of hosts, cause chronic anemia

Question 26

necator

Answer 26

hookworm, no teeth, worms suck blood of hosts, cause chronic anemia

Question 27

trichinella spiralis

Answer 27

get this from eating meat that have encysted muscle; now people just get this from hunting

Question 28

toxocara canis

Answer 28

worms found in puppies

Question 29

onchocerca volvulus

Answer 29

river blindness

vector- black fly

Question 30

dracunculus medinensis

Answer 30

guinea worm

get this by drinking water with copepods, solved by filtering water, worm taken out of body using a stick

Question 31

loa loa

Answer 31

filarial worm, eye worm, vector- horse fly

Question 32

What is halzoun?

Answer 32

get this from ingesting raw liver.
Infects pharynx
Causes swelling and obstructs breathing

Question 33

What is the infective stage for trematodes?

Answer 33

If burrowing in, cercaria is infective stage

If ingested, metacercariae is infective stage