Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIcrobiology Exam > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is thermally dimorphic?

A

Different structures at different temperatures (usually mold in environment/room temp and yeast at body temperature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the cell wall structure of fungi

A

chitin in inner most layer, then glucan, then mannoproteins. does not contain peptidoglycan

also contains ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are fungal infections harder to treat in humans than bacterial infections?

A

Because they are eukaryotes and have many organelles, enzymes and processes similar to humans. Characteristics unique to fungi must be targeted for treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is transmission more environment to person or person to person for funal infections?

A

Environment to person: most fungi in water, soil or decaying vegetation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which factors of human skin contribute to fungal infection resistance?

A

pH, fatty acid content, epithelial turnover, normal bacterial flora (inhibit space for growth of pathogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can fungi colonize the skin?

A

o Direct inoculation
o Systemic infection –> seeds into skin
o Systemic infection–> immunologic reaction in skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is a KOH Preparation done? What is it used for?

A

o KOH prep is used to image and diagnose fungal infections (look for yeast or hyphae)
o First swab with 70% EtOH (alcohol), scrape surface to remove skin scales/hair with fungus, treat scraping with 10% KOH to destroy tissue, leaves the hyphae or yeast cells for imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four kinds of fungi based on depth of infection in skin

A

superficial mycoses- ex: tinea nigra
cutaneous mycoses- dermatophytosis (skin, hair, nails)
subcutaneous- sporotrichosis
systemic- cocidiodomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malassezia furfur…

A
  • pityriasis versicolor (lipophilic yeast-like organism with spaghetti appearance)
  • common on upper torso/arms/abs,
  • causes hyper or hypopigmented macular lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hortaea werneckii causes…

A
  • Tinea nigra (dimorphic)
  • Produces melanin black or brown color
  • Lesions on palms and soles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

piedra hortae causes…

A

Black piedra

Hard nodules along hair shaft that contain the spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trichosporon beigelii causes…

A

White piedra

makes white sleeve around hair shaft on scalp, mustache and beard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tinea corporis

A

ring worm (cutaneous dermatophytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tinea cruris

A

jock itch, ( cutaneous dermatophytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot (cutaneous dermatophytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

tinea manuum

A

palms of hand (cutaneous dermatophytosis)

17
Q

tinea capitis

A

scalp infection (endothrix- hair breaks at scalp; exothrix- hair breaks above scalp)

18
Q

tinea barbae

A

infection of beard hair

19
Q

tinea ungium

A

infection of nail

20
Q

Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes are common fungi for…

A

cutaneous mycoses (dermatophytoses)

21
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

subcutaneous infection, causes sporotrichosis, dimorphic, found in soil, creates small ulcer at implant site and spreads through lymphatics

22
Q

Chromoblastomycoses

A

 warty nodules at implant site, epithelial overgrowth, septate fugus producing a dark brown pigment

23
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of coccidiodoides immitis.

A

o Found in the soil, dimorphic (mold in environment, sphereule that makes endospores in body)
o Diseases- Valley Fever (pneumonia), can lead to meningitis
o Pathology-Fungi in soil, stirred up by environment or tractors etc, Aerosolized, breath it in, spherules produced which turn into endospores, can cause pneumonia in lungs, can go out of lungs and into CNS meningitis
o Diagnosis- history, positive skin test, serum antibody to c. immitis, positive culture

24
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

o Properties- found in soil with bird/bat droppings, dimorphic fungus, mold in soil and yeast in body yeast is phagocytosed by macrophages, common in Ohio and Mississippi Valleys (SE)
o Diseases- Cave disease, spelunker’s disease, pneumonia
o Pathology- similar to TB, respiratory transmission; Fungus in soil, exposed to bird/bat, fungus kicked up into air, inhaled by human, macrophage eats fungus and it spreads; might produce an active infection or be dormant
o Diagnosis- positive skin test similar to TB, biopsy, serology

25
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

o Properties- dimorphic:mold at room temperature and yeast at body temperatue, found in Miss/Ohio rivers and Great Lakes, respiratory route of infection
o Diseases-respiratory infection
o Pathology- reservoir in the environment specific to this fungi (maybe animal reservoir), and it is seeding into the environment  mold-like growth, seeds into environment and can also infect dogs/horses, then it is inhaled by humans and converts to yeast-like form in body

26
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Paracoccidiomycosis brasiliensis : S. American Blastomycosis

A

o Properties-pilot wheels (reproduction buds) dimorphic (mold in soil, yeast in tissue)
o Diseases-respiratory infection, more common in men (estradiol protects women so no moldyeast)

27
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

o Properties- this is NOT dimorphic, saphrophtic and has a capsule, acquired from bird droppings
o Diseases- Cryptococcosis, poss. Meningitis, encephalitis
o Pathology- inhaled particles eaten by macrophages in lungs, may proliferate and spread from lungs to lymph nodes to bloodwill lodge and compress surrounding structures like CNSmeningitis and encephalitis
o Diagnostics- culture of CSF, serum, capsules in CSF from India ink, elevated WBCs

28
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Candida albicans

A

o Properties- yeast at room temp, hyphae in body
o Predisposing factors- obesity, wetness, diaper rash, antibacterial therapy, immune suppression
o Diseases- skin lesions and infection, oral thrush, yeast infection, diaper rash
o Pathology- systemic infection seeding of yeast into skin and development of skin lesions

29
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Aspergillosis

A

o Properties- monomorphic, grow as mold, septate (divided) hyphae, FUNGUS BALLS
o Diseases- acquired through inhalation, allergies/ IgE response, bronchitis, pneumonia
o Pathology- Asperillus can go into a cavity in the lung (produced when someone had TB), and then the fungus grows here in the cavity making a fungus ball

30
Q

Describe characteristics and pathology of Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

o Diseases- pneumocystosis

o Pathology- invades lungs in immunocompromized

31
Q

What is unique about Cryptococcus neoformans

A

It is similar to h. capsulatum in that they both involve birds, but c. neoformans is ANTIphagocytic and has a capsule while h. capsulatum is engulfed by macrophages

MIcrobiology Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions