Gram Negative Bacteria (Exam 3) Flashcards
Chlamydia trachomatis (STD), Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae (AP) Rickettsia rickettsii (ZN), Rickettsia prowazekii, Coxiella burnettii (ZN) Legionella pneumophila (atypical pneumonia or AP) Mycoplasma (AP) Treponema pallidum (STD) Borrelia burgdoferi (zoonotic diseases or ZN) Leptospira (zoonotic diseases) Ehrlischia (zoonotic diseases) Bortonella (zoonotic diseases)
coxiella burnetti
Q fever (pneumonia plus hepatitis), animal reservoir is sheep/livestock
rickettsia rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; vector is ticks; rash on hands/feet, myalgias, headaches/fever –> coma and death
rickettsia prowazekii
epidemic typhus (rash and fever), reservoir is the louse, defacates on skin and scratched into bite
What disease in USA is similar to epidemic typhus in other countries
Brill-Zinsser, found in elderly, recurrence of dormant rickettsial infection
What is the Weil Felix test?
Used to diagnose RMSF and Typhus. The principle is based on the cross reaction of antibodies against rickettsial antigens to the antigens of OX strains of Proteus vulgaris
What two gram negative bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens?
chlamydiae and rickettsiae
What are the three main diseases caused by rickettsiae?
RMSF, Q Fever, Epidemic Typhus
Rickettsiae usally infect ______ cells
endothelial cells
What are the four main diseases caused by chlamydiae?
trachoma (genital tract infections, eye and respiratory infections), pneumonia, urethritis, PID (pelvic inflammatory diseases)
Describe spread of chlamydiae infection in cells
Elementary bodies form in epithelial cell cytoplasm, forming inclusion bodies. EB–>Reticulate body–>EB and lyse the cell to enter another and reproduce; inclusion bodies used for diagnosis between types of chlamydiae
What is Reiter’s syndrome, and what bacteria is it involved with?
autoimmune disease (arthritis, urethrtis) caused by antibodies against C. trachomatis that cross reacts with antigens present in cells of eyes, joints and urethra
which chlamydia is involved with bird excrement?
chlamydophila psittaci
What does legionella cause?
atypical pneumonia, bacteria is inhaled, endotoxins released
What gram negative bacteria is able to grow on charcoal-yeast media supplemented with iron and cysteine
legionella
How does legionella survive?
legionella ingested by macrophage
the phagosome will recruit ribosomes to the membrane so it looks like rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Now the phagosome will not fuse with the lysosome so it survives
What are the three main types of mycoplasma? What diseases do they cause?
M. pneumoniae- atypical pneumonia
M. hominis- PID
M. urealyticum- urethritis
What is the most unique characteristic of mycoplasma?
has no defined cell wall, has a cell membrane enriched with cholesterol like eukaryotes; smallest free living organism
What media is used to grow mycoplasma? What does it look like hwne imaged?
Looks like a fried egg
Can grow slowly on agar and broth plates with media enriched with lipids/ cholesterol
How does mycoplasma pneumoniae cause pneumonia?
Attaches to respiratory epithelium and destroys cilia, so that there is irritation and cough; also oxidative stress
What bacteria cause atypical pneumonia?
M. pneumonia, chlamydia psittaci, legionella pneumophila
Why is it called atypical pneumonia?
causitive agent is not strep or haemophilus, intensity is less sever, cannot be isolated in routine culture media
What are three major kinds of spirochetes,and what diseases do they cause?
Treponema- STDs (syphillis)
Borrelia- lyme disease
Leptospira- leptospirosis
What symptoms are indicative of borrelia burgdorferi?
lyme disease
- joint pain
- bell’s palsy (facial nerve palsy)
- arthritis, cardiac, neurologic pain
erlichia caffeensis
infection of WBC characterized by mulberry shaped aggregates (morulae)
bartonella henselae
cat scratch disease
