HEENT pt.2 (eyes)

Question 1

How does vision work?

Answer 1

Light from objects strikes retina and causes nerve impulse

Question 2

The optical nerves travel from:

To:

Answer 2

The right eye travels to left side of occipital lobe

The left eye travels to the right side of occipital lobe

Question 3

What are the three types of visual reflexes?

Answer 3

1. Pupillary light reflexes
2. Fixation
3. accomodation

Question 4

What are the two types of pupillary light reflexes?

Answer 4

1. Direct Light reflex
   
   1. ​When one eye is exposed to light, pupil constricts
2. Consensual reflex
   
   1. When one eye is exposed to light, both pupils constrict

Question 5

What is a fixation reflex?

Answer 5

One object attracts attention of eye (focus)

Question 6

What is eye accomodation?

• How do you test?

Answer 6

Eye adapts for near vision

• Pupils constrict when focusing on close finger

Question 7

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

cross eye, double vision

Answer 7

• Strabismus :Does eye fatigue accompany strabismus
• diplopia: Are they seeing double?

Question 8

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

• Vision difficulties

Answer 8

• Blurring
• Spot in front of eyes
• Halos around lights
• Night blindness

Question 9

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

Eye pain

Answer 9

• Onset (how sudden)
• Quality
• Pain with bright light?
• Foreign bodies?

Question 10

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

Redness and swelling

Answer 10

• Any infections?
• Is it seasonal?

Question 11

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

Watering and discharge

Answer 11

• Excessive tearing?
• Color of discharge?

Question 12

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

History of ocular problems

Answer 12

• Previous injuries and surgeries
• Allergies?

Question 13

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

Glasses and contacts

Answer 13

• Do you wear?
• When was last prescription check?
• Problems with contacts?

Question 14

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

Self-care behaviors

Answer 14

Last vision tests?

Eye medications?

Question 15

When collecting subjective data on the eye, what questions would you ask for:

Glaucoma

Answer 15

Have they been tested or have family history?

Question 16

What are common abnormailities seen in the older adult’s eyes?

Answer 16

Visual difficulty (far-sighted)

Glaucoma

Cataracts

Eye dryness

Question 17

When assesing visual acuity, how do you use a Snellen Chart?

Answer 17

Have patient stand 20 ft away and read the last line they accurately read.

Record as 20/whatever last line number is:

• 20/20 is normal;
• 20/>20 is worse

Question 18

When assessing eyes of objective data, what would be expected of the:

• eye positioning
• Color

Answer 18

• Symmetrical feature with no drooping
• White sclera (may have yellow spots); pink conjunctiva; clear cornea

Question 19

When assessing pupils, what does PERRLA stand for?

Answer 19

• Pupils clear
• Equal (between 3-7 mm)
• Round
• Reactive to light
• Accomodate

Question 20

How do you assess red reflex of eyes?

Answer 20

Use opthalmoscope about a foot away from patient’s eye

(sweep across eye)

Question 21

What does it mean to have 20/40 vision?

Answer 21

Normal person can make it out at 40 feet.

You have to be 20 feet away.