HEENT & PHYS. EXAMINATION W3 Flashcards
The outer ear consist of
- Auricle (external ear)
- Ear canal
- Eardrum (tympanic membrane)
The inner ear consists of
- Balance organ
- Hearing organ - Cochlea (snail-like structure)
The middle ear consist of
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
What is the function of the auditory tube?
Connects the middle ear to the nasopharyngeal cavity.
Maintains equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.
Allows for fluid to drain out of the middle ear
Otitis media refers to?
Infection of the middle ear
Infection of the middle ear may cause?
Rubture of eardrum if auditory tube is obstructed
The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for?
Smelling sensation in the nasal cavity
Important structures of the throat to examine during HEENT?
- Tounge
- Uvula
- Soft palate
- Hard palate
- Tonsils
The hard white part of the tooth is called…
The enamel
Name 4 types of teeth?
- Incisors (front teeth)
- Canine (pointy teeth)
- Premolar (chin teeth)
- Molar (largest teeth)
What is the important steps in treating tooth avulsion (loose tooth)?
- Handle by crown only
- Clean in saline
- Replace and splint if possible
- Place in saline if not replaceable
- Antibiotics
Fracture of the maxilla causing it to be completely loose is called…
Le fort fracture
Which cranial nerves do you test when making facial expressions and mastication (chewing)?
CN VII (7)
CN V (5)
Which cranial nerve do you test for with a light touch of the face?
CN V (5)
Which cranial nerve do you test in PERRL and what does it stand for?
CN III (3)
Pupils Equal Round & Reactive to Light
Which cranial nerve do you test with the Snellen chart or by reading letters from a distance?
CN II (2)
Which cranial nerves are tested in the H-Test?
CN III (3)
CN IV (4)
CN VI (6)
Which cranial nerve do you test In the hearing section?
CN VIII (8)
Which cranial nerve do you test for in gag reflex and soft palate symmetry during speech?
CN IX (9)
CN X (10)
What body parts do you assess in HEENT?
- Head
- Eyes
- Ears
- Nose
- Throat
Touching the cornea (eyebulb) with a cuetip causes what reflex?
Corneal reflex (fast closing of the eyelid)
What does OD stand for regarding eye examination?
Oculus Dexter
Dexter being RIGHT
(You’re damm right)
If vision is equal on both eyes, what do you cross of regarding eye examination?
OU
Oculus Uterque
What is the medical term for left eye?
Oculus Sinister
Sinister being LEFT
What is the most common sign visible on the ear drum when equalising the pressure?
Light cone may move
Benign means?
Tissue is not associated with cancerous disease
ROM stands for?
Range Of Motion
Name 3 tests regarding the shoulder joint?
- Crossover test (AC-Joint)
- Apley’s scratch test (Rotater cuff)
- Painful arc test (Subacrominal)
Describe/show how you would test the integrity of ACL/PCL
Using the “Anterior/posterior drawer - test”
The “Tompson - test” will tell something about the integrity of…
Achilles tendon
How can you test for supraspinatus pain/malfunction?
“Empty can - Test”
“Internal rotation lag - Test” will show signs of pain/malfunction of what muscle?
Subscapularis
To test pain/function of the infraspinatus muscle what can you do?
“External rotation lag - test”
The “Painful arc - test” can between 60-120° show pain/function of what muscle group?
Rotator cuff muscles (shoulder)
How can you test for ulnar nerve compression/damage in the forearm?
“Tinel sign-test” is done by tapping on the ulnar nerve at the medial epicondyle of the ulnar bone. If the nerve is irritated it will send a tingling sensation into the pinky and ring finger (indicating cubital tunnel syndrome)
What do you asses with the “triangle of points - test”?
The integrity of the elbow joint (if a bone is dislocated in the joint or not)
The patient grips around two of your fingers. If this causes pain what can it indicate?
Arthritis, epicondylitis or carpal tunnel syndrome
“Phalen’s - test” is done by pressing the dorsal side of the hands together for 60 seconds. If this causes tingling sensation to the fingers it is a sign of what condition?
Carpal tunnel syndrome. Which is compression of the median nerve in the ligaments of the wrist (e.g. due to inflammation of a tendon next to it)
In “Mill’s - test” you apply pressure to the lateral epicondyle, slightly pronate the hand and then extend the forearm slowly. If the patient feels pain around the epicondyle its called?
Tennis elbow
What is normal gait?
When the footsteps of a person is 5-10cm apart when walking in a straight line
Which lymph nodes do you palpate on the lower extremities?
The inguinal lymph nodes (in the crotch)
When you supinate (inwards) the patients foot it hurts. What is this a sign of and what is the test called?
Damage/pain of the calcanofibular ligament (CFL)
“Talar tilt / inversion stress - test”
You can test for “Morton’s neuroma” by…
Pressing between the 3. and 4. toe. If this causes pain the patient has an inflamed nerve (neuroma). This can be caused by poor footwear.
