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Paige: Wittle Babies and Sweaty Adolescents > HEENT: infections > Flashcards

HEENT: infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MC cause of the common cold?

A

rhinovirus

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2
Q

name 3 common complications of the common cold

A

AOM
sinusitis
asthma exacerbation

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3
Q

technicolor (green, white, yellow) rhinorrhea is due to _____ and DOES NOT correlate to bacteria

A

polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)

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4
Q

AOM is due to obstruction of the ______________

A

eustachian tube

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5
Q

what are the 3 MC pathogens to cause AOM?

A

S pneumo
H influ
M cat

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6
Q

this pathogen causes bilateral AOM and AOM with conjunctivitis

A

H influ

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7
Q

this pathogen is MC in children with refractory AOM

A

S pneumo

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8
Q

this pathogen is assoc with otorrhea in kids with tympanostomy tubes

A

S aureus

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9
Q

this pathogen is assoc with TM perforation and mastoiditis

A

GAS

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10
Q

is a high fever associated with AOM?

A

no, low grade

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11
Q

is vomiting assoc. with AOM?

A

yes

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12
Q

is diarrhea assoc. with AOM?

A

yes

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13
Q

when do you treat AOM

A

less than 2y
otorrhea
bilateral disease

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14
Q

what is 1st line tx for AOM?

A

amox

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15
Q

how do you treat AOM with effusion?

A

time

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16
Q

what MC causes sinusitis?

A

viral URI

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17
Q

what 3 pathogens MC cause sinusitis?

A

S pneumo
H influ
M cat

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18
Q

do you have vomiting and/or diarrhea with sinusitis?

A

no

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19
Q

how do you tx sinusitis?

A

augmentin

saline nasal drops

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20
Q

do decongestants and antihistamines work for sinusitis?

A

NO

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21
Q

what causes hand foot + mouth disease

A

group a coxsackie virus

just think, you can put a coxsack in your hand, foot, AND mouth

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22
Q

how is hand foot and mouth transmitted

A

blister fluid
spit
rhinorrhea
poop

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23
Q

what are the sx of hand foot and mouth

A

tender lesions on said parts of body

fever

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24
Q

what MC causes herpangina?

what a misfortunate name

A

group a coxsackie virus

because a coxsack can give you the herp

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25
Q

what are the sx of herpangina?

A

fever
sore throat
oral ulcers

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26
Q

during what season is herpangina common?

A

summer

27
Q

what causes roseola AKA exanthem subitum?

A

herpesvirus 6

28
Q

children of what age get roseola?

A

less than 2y

29
Q

with roseola, a patient has normal sx of fever, irritability, yadda yadda, but then what happens as they start to recover?

A

diffuse maculopapular rash

and “nayagama spots” in mouth

30
Q

what causes 5ths disease?

A

parvovirus B19

31
Q

what rash is typical of 5ths disease?

A

slapped cheek rash

32
Q

do you get a fever with 5ths disease

A

yes

33
Q

impetigo is MC in what age bracket?

A

2-5y

34
Q

MC pathogen for impetigo?

A

S aureus

35
Q

how do you treat impetigo?

A

topical mupirocin if limited

7d of abx (dicloxicillin) if extensive

36
Q

what is the MC pathogen for epiglottitis?

A

H influ type B

37
Q

what sign do you see on XR with epiglottitis?

A

thumb print sign

38
Q

what MC causes strep pharyngitis?

A

GAS

39
Q

in what age group is strep pharyngitis most common?

A

3+

40
Q

do kids with strep have abdominal pain?

A

yes

41
Q

do kids with strep have URI sx?

A

no

42
Q

how do you treat strep pharyngitis?

A

pen V

amox

43
Q

if it occurs, what occurs 2-4 weeks after strep pharyngitis?

A

rheumatic fever

44
Q

what should you be thinking if your patient recovering from strep has migratory arthritis, pancarditis, CNS involvement, erythemia marginatum, and subQ nodules?

A

rheumatic fever

45
Q

what is a collection of pus between the palatine tonsil and pharyngeal muscles, causing a deep neck infection in adolescents and young kids called?

A

peritonsillar abcess

46
Q

what is the MC pathogen of peritonsillar abcess?

A

GAS

47
Q

“hot potato voice”

A

peritonsillar abcess

48
Q

what distinguishes a peritonsilar abcess from strep?

A

peritonsillar abcess will have trismus

49
Q

how do you treat a peritonsillar abcess?

A

drain

give augmentin or clinda

50
Q

what causes mononucleosis?

A

EBV

51
Q

what kind of lympadenopathy do you have with EBV

A

posterior cervical

52
Q

what does CBC show with EBV?

A

elevated atypical lymphocytes

53
Q

for how long can EBV be transmitted thru saliva?

A

18 months

54
Q

EBV causes what cancer?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

55
Q

what should you consider in any child coughing longer than 14d, regardless of immunization status?
(especially if they cough until they vom)

A

pertussis

56
Q

is pertussis contagious?

A

highly

57
Q 
apnea
pneumonia
vomiting
seizures
death
are all complications of....
A

pertussis

58
Q

how do you treat pertussis in a child less than 2 months?

A

macrolides

59
Q

how do you treat pertussis in a child greater than 2 months?

A

bactrim

or macrolides

60
Q

can you ppx for pertussis?

A

yes and if someone is sick, close contacts should receive ppx

61
Q

how long does it take for the Tdap vaccine to wane?

A

5-10 years

62
Q

and don’t forget to think about what 3 diagnoses with a febrile child?

A

bacterial meningitis
kawasaki disease
UTI

63
Q

high fever more than 5 days with a strawberry tongue

A

kawasaki disease

64
Q

how do you treat kawasaki disease?

A

IVIG

Paige: Wittle Babies and Sweaty Adolescents (5 decks)

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