HEENT: infections Flashcards
what is the MC cause of the common cold?
rhinovirus
name 3 common complications of the common cold
AOM
sinusitis
asthma exacerbation
technicolor (green, white, yellow) rhinorrhea is due to _____ and DOES NOT correlate to bacteria
polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)
AOM is due to obstruction of the ______________
eustachian tube
what are the 3 MC pathogens to cause AOM?
S pneumo
H influ
M cat
this pathogen causes bilateral AOM and AOM with conjunctivitis
H influ
this pathogen is MC in children with refractory AOM
S pneumo
this pathogen is assoc with otorrhea in kids with tympanostomy tubes
S aureus
this pathogen is assoc with TM perforation and mastoiditis
GAS
is a high fever associated with AOM?
no, low grade
is vomiting assoc. with AOM?
yes
is diarrhea assoc. with AOM?
yes
when do you treat AOM
less than 2y
otorrhea
bilateral disease
what is 1st line tx for AOM?
amox
how do you treat AOM with effusion?
time
what MC causes sinusitis?
viral URI
what 3 pathogens MC cause sinusitis?
S pneumo
H influ
M cat
do you have vomiting and/or diarrhea with sinusitis?
no
how do you tx sinusitis?
augmentin
saline nasal drops
do decongestants and antihistamines work for sinusitis?
NO
what causes hand foot + mouth disease
group a coxsackie virus
just think, you can put a coxsack in your hand, foot, AND mouth
how is hand foot and mouth transmitted
blister fluid
spit
rhinorrhea
poop
what are the sx of hand foot and mouth
tender lesions on said parts of body
fever
what MC causes herpangina?
what a misfortunate name
group a coxsackie virus
because a coxsack can give you the herp
what are the sx of herpangina?
fever
sore throat
oral ulcers
during what season is herpangina common?
summer
what causes roseola AKA exanthem subitum?
herpesvirus 6
children of what age get roseola?
less than 2y
with roseola, a patient has normal sx of fever, irritability, yadda yadda, but then what happens as they start to recover?
diffuse maculopapular rash
and “nayagama spots” in mouth
what causes 5ths disease?
parvovirus B19
what rash is typical of 5ths disease?
slapped cheek rash
do you get a fever with 5ths disease
yes
impetigo is MC in what age bracket?
2-5y
MC pathogen for impetigo?
S aureus
how do you treat impetigo?
topical mupirocin if limited
7d of abx (dicloxicillin) if extensive
what is the MC pathogen for epiglottitis?
H influ type B
what sign do you see on XR with epiglottitis?
thumb print sign
what MC causes strep pharyngitis?
GAS
in what age group is strep pharyngitis most common?
3+
do kids with strep have abdominal pain?
yes
do kids with strep have URI sx?
no
how do you treat strep pharyngitis?
pen V
amox
if it occurs, what occurs 2-4 weeks after strep pharyngitis?
rheumatic fever
what should you be thinking if your patient recovering from strep has migratory arthritis, pancarditis, CNS involvement, erythemia marginatum, and subQ nodules?
rheumatic fever
what is a collection of pus between the palatine tonsil and pharyngeal muscles, causing a deep neck infection in adolescents and young kids called?
peritonsillar abcess
what is the MC pathogen of peritonsillar abcess?
GAS
“hot potato voice”
peritonsillar abcess
what distinguishes a peritonsilar abcess from strep?
peritonsillar abcess will have trismus
how do you treat a peritonsillar abcess?
drain
give augmentin or clinda
what causes mononucleosis?
EBV
what kind of lympadenopathy do you have with EBV
posterior cervical
what does CBC show with EBV?
elevated atypical lymphocytes
for how long can EBV be transmitted thru saliva?
18 months
EBV causes what cancer?
Burkitt lymphoma
what should you consider in any child coughing longer than 14d, regardless of immunization status?
(especially if they cough until they vom)
pertussis
is pertussis contagious?
highly
apnea pneumonia vomiting seizures death are all complications of....
pertussis
how do you treat pertussis in a child less than 2 months?
macrolides
how do you treat pertussis in a child greater than 2 months?
bactrim
or macrolides
can you ppx for pertussis?
yes and if someone is sick, close contacts should receive ppx
how long does it take for the Tdap vaccine to wane?
5-10 years
and don’t forget to think about what 3 diagnoses with a febrile child?
bacterial meningitis
kawasaki disease
UTI
high fever more than 5 days with a strawberry tongue
kawasaki disease
how do you treat kawasaki disease?
IVIG
