HEENT Flashcards
where is your favorite place in the world?
brainscape, duh
at what age does the anterior fontanelle close
10-24 months
at what age does the posterior fontanelle close?
2 months
until what age do you measure head circumference?
36 months (why don't people just say 3 years)
is a pulsating fontanelle normal?
yes
or no and d/t increased ICP
is a depressed anterior fontanelle normal?
no, indicates dehydration or malnutrition
microcephaly craniosynostosis hyperthyroidism hyperparathyroidism hypophosphatasia ...all can cause?
premature close of the fontanelles
this is common in a normal baby too
primary megalencephaly congenital hypothyroidism elevated ICP down syndrome ricket's ...all can cause?
delayed closure of anterior fontanelle
premature closure of cranial sutures, esp in twins or babies whose mothers had uterine abnormalities, is known as….
craniosynostosis
which suture does craniosynostosis MC affect?
sagittal
what are complications of craniosynostosis?
increased ICP
inhibited brain growth
cognitive defects
how do you treat craniosynostosis?
surgical intervention between 8-12mos
what skull abnormality is d/t babies lying supine in bed?
deformational (AKA positional) plagiocephaly
by what age should deformational/positional plagiocephaly resolve?
2y
how do you differentiate deformational/positional plagiocephaly from craniosynostosis?
in plagiocephaly, one ear will be anteriorly displaced
what is it called in strabismus when one eye abducts and the other adducts?
hering’s law
what is it called in strabismus when one eye contracts and the other relaxes?
sherrington’s law
amblyopia is a complication of strabismus. what is it?
lazy eye
what 2 tests do you do to check if the strabismus is actually pseudostrabismus?
corneal light reflex (should be even)
cover-uncover test (no drifting)
pt presents with right purulent drainage, epistaxis, unilateral nasal obstruction, and mouth breathing. what should you suspect?
nasal foreign body
usually below the inferior turbinates
what nasal foreign body can cause tissue necrosis in 4 hours?
small batteries
what nasal foreign body cannot be manually removed and can cause septal perforation?
a magnet on each side of the nose
lol damn kids
pseudocysts of minor salivary glands
are swellings on buccal mucosa
mucoceles
pseudocysts of sublingual glands and submandibular ducts
are a bluish swelling on the floor of the mouth
ranulas
how should ya’ll treat a pseudocyst?
DON’T
refer to ENT to excise
what is the MC illness in children?
asthma
