HEENT

Question 1

where is your favorite place in the world?

Answer 1

brainscape, duh

Question 2

at what age does the anterior fontanelle close

Answer 2

10-24 months

Question 3

at what age does the posterior fontanelle close?

Answer 3

2 months

Question 4

until what age do you measure head circumference?

Answer 4

36 months
(why don't people just say 3 years)

Question 5

is a pulsating fontanelle normal?

Answer 5

yes

or no and d/t increased ICP

Question 6

is a depressed anterior fontanelle normal?

Answer 6

no, indicates dehydration or malnutrition

Question 7

microcephaly
craniosynostosis
hyperthyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
hypophosphatasia
...all can cause?

Answer 7

premature close of the fontanelles

this is common in a normal baby too

Question 8

primary megalencephaly
congenital hypothyroidism
elevated ICP
down syndrome
ricket's
...all can cause?

Answer 8

delayed closure of anterior fontanelle

Question 9

premature closure of cranial sutures, esp in twins or babies whose mothers had uterine abnormalities, is known as….

Answer 9

craniosynostosis

Question 10

which suture does craniosynostosis MC affect?

Answer 10

sagittal

Question 11

what are complications of craniosynostosis?

Answer 11

increased ICP
inhibited brain growth
cognitive defects

Question 12

how do you treat craniosynostosis?

Answer 12

surgical intervention between 8-12mos

Question 13

what skull abnormality is d/t babies lying supine in bed?

Answer 13

deformational (AKA positional) plagiocephaly

Question 14

by what age should deformational/positional plagiocephaly resolve?

Answer 14

2y

Question 15

how do you differentiate deformational/positional plagiocephaly from craniosynostosis?

Answer 15

in plagiocephaly, one ear will be anteriorly displaced

Question 16

what is it called in strabismus when one eye abducts and the other adducts?

Answer 16

hering’s law

Question 17

what is it called in strabismus when one eye contracts and the other relaxes?

Answer 17

sherrington’s law

Question 18

amblyopia is a complication of strabismus. what is it?

Answer 18

lazy eye

Question 19

what 2 tests do you do to check if the strabismus is actually pseudostrabismus?

Answer 19

corneal light reflex (should be even)

cover-uncover test (no drifting)

Question 20

pt presents with right purulent drainage, epistaxis, unilateral nasal obstruction, and mouth breathing. what should you suspect?

Answer 20

nasal foreign body

usually below the inferior turbinates

Question 21

what nasal foreign body can cause tissue necrosis in 4 hours?

Answer 21

small batteries

Question 22

what nasal foreign body cannot be manually removed and can cause septal perforation?

Answer 22

a magnet on each side of the nose

lol damn kids

Question 23

pseudocysts of minor salivary glands

are swellings on buccal mucosa

Answer 23

mucoceles

Question 24

pseudocysts of sublingual glands and submandibular ducts

are a bluish swelling on the floor of the mouth

Answer 24

ranulas

Question 25

how should ya’ll treat a pseudocyst?

Answer 25

DON’T

refer to ENT to excise

Question 26

what is the MC illness in children?

Answer 26

asthma