100 random things from SD Flashcards
what are the s/s of both rubella and CMV?
blueberry muffin rash
IUGR
deafness
is there a treatment for rubella
no
how do you diagnose CMV
mom’s urine
what is the MC cause of neonatal sepsis?
GBS
how do you treat neonatal sepsis?
ampicillin and gentamycin
direct hyperbilirubinemia occurs during what time frame?
within 24h
indirect hyperbilirubinemia occurs during what time frame?
after 24h
what is a normal heart rate for a neonate?
120-160
what is a normal RR for a neonate?
40-60
what is a normal rectal temp for a neonate?
36.5-37.5 C
for how long should you measure head circumference?
up to 36 months
when should the ant fontanelle close
10-24mos
when should the posterior fontanelle close
2mos
which suture most commonly closes with craniosynostosis?
sagittal
____% of babies with strabismus will develop amblyopia
50%
how do you distinguish a peritonsillar abcess from other ENT conditions
peritonsillar abcess will have trismus
why can’t you give bacrim at less than 2mos?
risk of kernicterus
what vaccines do you need before kindergarten?
5 DTP
4 polio
2 MMR
1 varicella
starts with fever of 103
get koplik spots
rash starts on forehead, moves downward, and fades in same pattern
measles
starts with low fever
LAD present
pale pink rash starts on face, moves to body, might be itchy
rubella
starts with URI, becomes a cough with a whoop followed by cyanosis and vomiting
pertussis
when do you vax for measles
- 12-15 mos
2. 4-6y
when do you vax for meningitis
- 11-12y
2. 16y
when do you vax for pertussis
- 2mos
- 4mos
- 6 mos
- 15-18mos
- 4-6y
what is the MC CHD at birth?
what is the MC CHD found in adults?
birth: VSD
adults: ASD
with a VSD, baby is at risk for ________
endocarditis
with ASD, baby is at risk for ______
paradoxical embolus
which congenital heart condition is usually found in adults, because it is asx in kids?
ASD
concentric RVH
pulmonic stenosis (PS)
normally closes 2-3 days after birth
PDA
rib notching on CXR
CoA
with CoA, baby is at risk for _________
2ndary HTN as a kid
murmur heart at ULSB
crescendo-decrescendo
Echo shows RVH
could be one of two things?
pulmonic stenosis
ASD
RSR’ on EKG
ASD
murmur heard at LLSB
harsh
heard within 36 hours of birth
VSD
mom’s with rubella, premature babies are at risk for ______
PDA
when does PDA usually close?
2-3d after birth
murmur at ULSB
radiates to clavicle
continuous, machinery
PDA
with PDA, there is ____-sided hypertrophy
left
with PS, there is _____-sided hypertrophy
right (concentric)
treatment for PDA?
indomethacin
4 aspects of tetralogy of fallot?
- biventricular origin of aorta
- large VSD
- obstructed pulmonic blood flow
- RVH
baby is projectile vomiting. suspect?
pyloric stenosis
“olive-shaped mass” on abd PE
pyloric stenosis
baby doesn’t pass meconium within 72h
+ squirt sign
Hirschprung’s disease
how do you dx Hirschprungs?
rectal bx
18-month old has severe abdominal pain with currant-jelly stools and draws his legs and knees to his abdomen. suspect?
intussusception
double bubble sign
volvulus (air fluid levels in stomach and duodenum)
dx/tx of intussusception?
ba and air enema
birds beak cut off/corkscrew on Ba swallow
volvulus
bulls eye/target sign on US
intussusception
kid reports with painless GI bleeding and recurrent intussusception. suspect?
Meckel’s diverticulum
which hip more commonly has developmental dysplasia?
left
if a female is born in the breech position, when should you to an US to check for developmental dysplasia?
6weeks
a thin, active 7y/o presents with a limp and groin pain that worsens with activity and decreased ROM. suspect?
legg-calve-perthes disease
legg-calve-perthes disease should fix itself within?
12-18mos
an obese 10y/o presents with a limp and groin pain that worsens with activity. suspect?
SCFE
“fuzzy”
femoral head appearance on XR
SCFE
“crescent sign”
femoral head appearance on XR
legg-calve-perthes disease
3y/o presents with acute limp and groin pain that is worse in the morning. suspect?
transient synovitis of hip
transient synovitis of the hip fixes itself within?
3-14 days
the MC cause of toeing before age 3 in is _______
internal tibial torsion
the MC cause of toeing in after age 3 is _______
femoral anteversion
corrects by 8y
going thru growth spurt, basketball player, lower leg pain (e.g. tibial tubercle). suspect?
osgood-schlatter’s disease
at what joints is metatarsus adductus rotated?
tarsometatarsal joints
what are the 4 criteria for talipes equinovarus (club foot)?
- plantar flx of ankle
- adduction of heel
- adduction of forefoot
- pes cavus
fx of physis?
salter-harris fracture
genetic defect in type 1 collagen causes short stature, lax ligaments, bone deformities, and poor hearing?
osteogenesis imperfecta
child is having arthritic symptoms with fevers daily, a heat rash and systemic symptoms?
juvenile idiopathic arthritis: systemic
what age groups get juvenile idiopathic polyarthritis?
2-5 and 10-14y
is juvenile idiopathic polyarthritis symmetric or asymmetric?
symmetric
a preschool-age girl with dry hands and swollen DIP joints probably has?
juvenile idiopathic arthritis: psoriatic
with kawasaki disease, there is an increased risk of ________
aneurysms —-> sudden death
how do you treat kawasaki disease?
IVIG
2 diagnostic tests for metabolic disease?
tandem mass spectrometry
if +, metabolic challenge
treatment for increased GH?
somatostatin
to diagnose hypothyroidism, you look for what marker?
anti-TPD Ab
to dx hyperthyroidism, you look for what marker?
TSI
autosomal recessive deficiency of 21-alpha-hydroxylase which causes issues with 2ndary sex characteristics if mild, and primary sex characteristics if severe?
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
characteristics of complete androgen insensitivity?
male with female genitalia
has testes in abdomen
NO ovaries or uterus
developed breasts
characteristics of partial androgen insensitivity?
no clear genitals at birth
characteristics of mild androgen insensitivity?
male born with male genitals
very few sx
for renal issues, what is the diagnostic method of choice?
VCUG - voiding cystourethrogram
if you suspect primary nephrotic syndrome, when you can you treat without getting a biopsy first?
age 1-8
proteinuria lasting shorter than 8 weeks
post-strep glomerulnephritis is an example of?
secondary nephrotic syndrome
fever, rash, arthralgias steadily rising Cr constitutional sx no hematuria or proteinuria suspect?
TIN
deafness, thrombocytes and cataracts are all a a part of?
alport syndrome
can lead to chronic TIN
HUS occurs in kids of what age?
less than 4y
HUS is usually preceded by _________
GI illness
helmet and burr cells
HUS
what is the leading cause of HTN in kids?
vesicourethral reflex
a child less than 5 with a liver mass probably has?
hepatoblastoma
a child 15-19 with a liver mass probably has?
HCC
philadelphia chromosome
CML
hx of mono
Reed-sternberg cells
hodgkin’s lymphoma
catecholamine secretion marker
neuroblastoma
MC malignancy of infancy
sunburst pattern on XR
osteosarcoma
MC bone cancer
“small, round, blue cells”
chromosome 22 translocations
Ewing sarcoma
MC cancer in kids
ALL
kid has leukocoria (white papillary reflex)
retinoblastoma
