HEENT Assessment Flashcards
If lymph nodes are palpable they should be?
smooth, firm, mobile, can be tender
Measure head circumference every visit until age…
2
Measure head circumference yearly until age…
6
Normal of thyroid gland?
no enlargement
no nodules
Fontanels should be?
soft and flat
When does the frontal fontanel close?
closes by 2 years
When does the posterior fontanel close?
closes by 2 months
When do kids gain head control?
4 months
Cervical lymph node enlargement up to 1ccm is a normal finding until age…
12
What characteristics do you note with drainage?
color
consistency
presence of blood
Epistaxis
- sit upright and lean forward
- pinch nostrils shut for 5-10minutes
- seek care if nose bleed lasts for more than 20min
How do you grade tonsils?
1+ to 4+
What grade of tonsils is normal for pediatrics?
2+
How far do you have patients stand from a Snellen chart?
10 to 20ft
What does the bottom number stand for on a Snellen test?
how far away someone with perfect vision can see that item
What does the top number stand for on a Snellen test?
feet away from sign (10 or 20)
What score for 3 year-olds should be referred for a comprehensive eye exam?
20/50 in either eye
What score for 4 year-olds should be referred for a comprehensive eye exam?
20/40 in either eye
At what age is it considered normal to develop near vision?
40 or older
How far away from the eye do you hold the handheld screener?
14 inches
What is a confrontation test?
assesses peripheral vision with using visual fields
If asymmetry is found with the corneal light reflex test what does it mean?
eye muscle weakness or paralysis
What does the cover test assess for?
lazy eye or strabismus
What does the diagnostic position test assess for?
uses the 6 positions of gaze to look for nystagmus
Unequal size of the pupils during a light reflex test indicates?
increased intracranial pressure
What does the red reflex assess for?
cataracts
At what age can a child fixate on an object?
3-4 months
Most children are born near-sighted or far-sighted?
farsighted which gradually improves by age 7-8
Color blindness?
inherited recessive X-linked trait
rare in females
Older adult eye changes?
- presbyopia
- nyctalopia
Early treatment is important for what cause of vision loss?
glaucoma
Macular degeneration leads to a loss of?
central vision
Pinguecula?
yellowish elevated nodules due to prolonged exposure to sun, wind, and dust
Arcus senilis?
gray- white arc or circle around iris due to lipid deposits
Ectropion?
lower eyelid drooping and rolls away from the eyeball
causes excessive tearing, dry itchy eyes
How are sunken eyes caused?
dehydration and/or chronic malnutrition
How are sunken eyes caused?
dehydration and/or chronic malnutrition
What is blepharitis?
red, scaly, flakes at lid margin caused by clogged oil glands
What is a hardeolum?
stye caused by staph infection
How often should you have a comprehensive eye exam?
every 2 years
How often should you have a comprehensive eye exam once you reach the age of 61?
yearly
