Cardiovascular Assessment Flashcards
What 7 pieces of subjective data could you collect?
- chest pain or tightness
- shortness of breath
- cough
- fatigue
- cyanosis or pallor
- edema
- nocturia
On which side of the body is radiation common?
left side
With what condition do people experience shortness of breath, fatigue, nocturia?
CHF
What is nocturia?
urination at night
What 7 pieces of objective data could you collect?
- chest landmarks
- jugular vein distention
- precordium
- percussion for cardiac enlargement
- auscultation of carotid arteries
- auscultation of cardiac valve areas
- rate, rhythm, and heart sounds
How do you asses jugular vein distention?
patient flat, remove pillow, and turn head side to side
What does JVD indicate?
poor cardiac output and pooling of blood
What is precordium?
chest area directly in front of heart
For what people is the apical pulse palpable?
children and skinny people
What does heaves or lifts on chest wall indicate?
hypertrophy of heart
What does the bruit sound indicate?
blood turbulence
When should bruit naturally occur?
in fistulas
In what population is a split S2 sound common?
children and adolescents
What does an S3 gallop indicate?
CHF (fluid around heart)
What does an S4 sound indicate?
stiff valves
What does a murmur indicate?
valve failure or congenital defects
How are murmurs graded?
I-VI
What is pericardial friction rub?
scratching sound that indicates inflammation of the pericardium
What is the normal value of hemoglobin for males?
14-17.4 g/dL
What is the normal value of hemoglobin for females?
12-16 g/dL
What is the normal percentage of hematocrit for males?
42-52%
What is the normal percentage of hematocrit for females?
36-48%
What is the normal value of RBCs for males?
4.2-5.4 million/mm^3
What is the normal value of RBCs for females?
3.6-5.0 million/mm^3
What is the normal value of platelets?
140,000-400,000/mm^3
What is the normal value of serum albumin?
3.5-5.2 g/dL
What is serum albumin?
blood proteins that help maintain intravascular blood volume related to cardiac output
What is the normal value of K?
3.5-5.2 mEq/L
What is the normal value of Na?
136-145 mEq/L
What is the normal value of Ca?
8.8-10.4 mg/dL
What is the normal value of Mg?
1.8-2.6 mg/dL
If there is an increase in cardiac enzymes what does it indicate?
cardiac muscle damage
What does BUN stand for?
blood urea nitrogen
What does BUN and creatine reflect?
kidney function and cardiac output
In what conditions does blood sugar increase?
under stress
Why are coagulation studies important?
need baseline for several medications
When someone complains of CP, when does a EKG have to be performed?
in the first 10min
When a myocardial infarction is identified when should heart catheterization be performed?
within 90 minutes
What is oblation?
catheterization of nodes to stop irregular rhythm
When does the apex of the heart move from the 4th ICS to the 5th ICS?
by age 7
What is the relationship between a pregnant female and blood volume?
it increases by 30-40% most rapidly in 2nd trimester
What is the relationship between a pregnant women and heart rate?
increased HR because of increased stroke volume and cardiac output
What factor of the heart sees an increase in problems as we age?
rhythm
