HEENT Flashcards
Hepatic keratitis
From herpes simplex or zoster (trigeminal cranial nerve 5) One side of face effected Can lead to corneal blindness Emergency Cipro or ofloxacin NO STEROIDS or patch May valtrex
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Acute and sudden eye pain, ha, vomiting, decreased vision, halos around lights Pupil oval shaped, cornea cloudy Optic nerve cupping Rise in iop Emergency
Optic neuritis
New or intermittent loss of vision in one eye
Associated with symptoms of MS
Fatigue, neuro symptoms
Refer to neuro emergently
Orbital cellulitis
Swollen eyelid with proptosis (bulging eye) Can't do eye ROM recent hx of URI More common in kids Refer to ED
Retinal detachment
Sudden onset of floaters, looking through curtain, or flashing lights
Refer to ed
Cholesteatoma
Cauliflower like growth Foul smelling discharge from ear Can't see TM because of tumor Hx of chronic otitis media Can damage facial nerve 7 Tx with antibiotics and sx Refer to otolaryngologist
Battle sign
Racoon eyes and bruising behind ears 2 to 3 days after trauma
R/o occipital or temporal skull fx
Clear golden drainage from ear or nose
Indicative of basilar skull fx
CSF leak
Test with urine dipstick to check for glucose…this means its CSF fluid
Peritonsilar abscess
Severe throat pain, trouble/pain swallowing, jaw spasms, hot potatoe voice
Unilateral swelling, displaced uvula
Fever, chills
Refer to ed
Diphtheria
Sore throat, fever, swollen “bull” neck,
Grey to yellow colored coating on throat that is hard to displace
Very contagious
Contact isolation
Refer to ed
Presbyopia
Far sighted
Age related normal change starting around 40 yo
Nasal passages with allergic rhinitis
Boggy, pale, pale
Cartilage of nose
Does not regenerate
Call plastics if its messed up
Leukoplakia
White to light gray patches in mouth
Rule out oral cancer
Apthous stomatitis
Canker sores in mouth
Painful
Heal in 7 to 10 days
Give magic mouthwash
Sialolithiasis
Salivary stone blocked by a stone
Color of exudate for mono
White
Color of exudate for strep
Yellow or green
Koplik spots
Clusters of small red bumps with white center in inside of cheeks
Associated with measles
Hearing test results for sensorineural loss
Weber: Lateralization to good ear
Rhine: AC > BC
Hearing loss results for conductive loss and otitis media
Weber test: Lateralization to bad ear
Rhine: BC>AC
From obstruction and blockage
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Blood trapped under conjunctiva due to burst blood vessel
Resolves in 1 to 3 weeks
No visual loss or pain
Just watch
Open angle glaucoma
Increased iop >30 is emergency
Lose vision, peripheral first
Tx with timolol ( BB), latanoprost
Don’t give bb is patient has heart and lung issues
Blepharitis
Chronic inflammation of eyelids
Itching, crusting, gritty sensation
Wash eyes, erythromycin
Strep throat
Tonsilar exudate Anterial cervical adenopathy Fever No cough Treat with PCN or amox
Otitis media
Red and bulging TM
caused by pneuma and influenzae
treat with amox, augmentin, levaquin
papilledema
Optic disc swelling
increased eye pressure
with blurred edges
caused by abscess, tumor
What causes missing red reflex
white colored opacities (cataracts) or white spots (leukocoria), retinoblastoma, glaucoma
Strabismus
Misalignment of the eye.
- Horizontal strabismus: esotropia (inward turning of the eyes) or exotropia (outward turning of the eyes).
- Vertical strabismus may be hypertropia (one eye higher than the other) or hypotropia (one eye lower than the other).
Macular Degeneration
- Loss of central visual fields results in loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity
- age related
Epiglottitis
Acute and rapid onset
high fever, chills
sore throat, drooling, not eating, hot potato voice
sits with hyperextended neck with mouth breathing, stridor
treat with rifampin
Meniere’s dz
hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
do rhomberg test
3 types of red tongue
- Glossitis: smooth red tongue
- B 12 insuffiency: beefy red tongue
- Kawasaki and scarlet fever: strawberry tongue
