FNP Boards Flashcards
What is Chronic bronchitis
a type of COPD that is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, causing excess mucus
Characteristics of chronic bronchitis (4)
diagnosis after age 35, obesity, copious amounts of purulent sputum, elevated Hct level
Tx chronic bronchitis
Treat with SABA (albuterol), inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium)
Lung Assessment findings of chronic bronchitis
- Lower lobes vesicular breath sounds (soft and low)
- Upper lobes; Bronchial breath sounds louder
Actinic keratosis: who gets it/ who’s at risk
Older to elderly fair-skinned adults frequent sunburns as child places person at higher risk
Actinic keratosis: what does it look like
numerous dry, round, pink to red-colored, slow-growing lesions that do not heal
Actinic keratosis: where is it
lesions common on sun-exposed areas (cheeks, nose, face, arms, back)
Actinic keratosis: what is it
precancerous precursor of squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis: diagnosis and tx
- diagnosed with biopsy
- treat with cryotherapy (small number) or 5-FU(5% fluorouracil) cream (large number)
- follow up with derm
Seborrheic keratosis: what is it and what does it look like
- soft, round, wart-like fleshy growths on trunk (mostly on back)
- can range in color from light tan to black
- appear to be pasted on
- asymptomatic
- benign
Fingernail hematoma treatment
Trephination: make hole in nail through drilling or piercing and allow blood to drain
Primary Hypothyroid labs
elevated TSH; low T4; low or normal T3
Subclinical Hypothyroid labs
elevated TSH; normal T4; normal T3
Hypothyroid common cause
Hashimoto’s (autoimmune)
-Remember Hashimoto and Hypo both have O
Hypothyroid tx and follow up
- levothyroxine (Synthroid) daily in AM on empty stomach
- Starting dose of levothyroxine (Synthroid) is 25-50mcg
- Check TSH every 6-8 weeks to monitor treatment response
Primary hyperthyroid labs
low TSH; high T4; normal or high T3
Subclinical Hyperthyroid labs
low TSH; normal T4; normal T3
Hyperthyroid most common cause
Grave’s Disease (autoimmune)
-Remember Grave and Hyper both have R
Hyperthyroid symptoms
rapid weight loss; increased heart rate; tremors; sweating; irritability; anxiety; hyperactivity; insomnia; diarrhea; amenorrhea; hypertension; exophthalmos; heat intolerance; goiter
Hyperthyroid tx
- Propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Methimazole (Tapazole)
- Radioactive iodine (causes hypothyroid for life, contraindicated in pregnancy)
Thyroid Storm (thyrotoxicosis)
acute worsening of symptoms; may be caused by stress or infection; look for LOC, fever, abdominal pain; life-threatening; immediate hospitalization needed
Ectopic pregnancy risk factors
previous ectopic, salpingitis, tubal surgery, current IUD use, previous cervicitis, history of PID
Ectopic pregnancy symptoms
abdominal pain (worsens when supine or with jarring), vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, low grade fever, pain referred to right shoulder (may indicate rupture)
HTN meds for African-American with or without diabetes
initial choices include thiazide diuretic or CCB