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Health Assessment > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

Palatal petechiae not commonly seen but high specific for this diagnosis

A

Group A Streptococcal

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2
Q

Treated with antibiotics to prevent complications such as rheumatic fever and/or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

Group A Streptococcal

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3
Q

4 point scoring system used to assist with risk stratification for GAS and if there is a need to culture

A

Centor Criteria

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4
Q
  1. Fever
  2. Tonsillar exudates
  3. Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  4. Absence of cough
A

Centor Criteria

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5
Q

Used in the evaluation of a patient presenting with hearing loss

A

Tuning forks

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6
Q

Due to a fungal infection involving the mucosal surfaces

A

Candidiasis

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7
Q

Is a thin white lesion on the mucosal surface which is typically not painful or rub off. It can be a premalignant lesion in some cases.

A

Leukoplakia

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8
Q

The three symptoms of:
1. 2-4 weeks of purulent nasal drainage
2. Unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction
3. Facial pain or pressure
are considered the cardinal symptoms of:

A

acute rhinosinusitis

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9
Q

More likely to have other upper respiratory (“cold”) symptoms

A

viral pharyngitis

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10
Q

Anterior cervical node lymphadenopathy/tonsillar inflammation

A

common signs of GAS

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11
Q

AC less than BC

A

Conductive hearing loss

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12
Q

An indicative sign of puberty is

A

enlargement of the sebaceous glands

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13
Q

Do you assess mental health when doing an episodic visit for a skin concern?

A

Yes, mental health is LARGELY affected by skin disorders

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14
Q

Key Findings:
closed or open comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, or cysts, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, often occurs in adolescents but can affect adults as well

A

Acne

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15
Q

Key Findings:
Erythematous, hyperkeratotic scaly macules, papule and/or plaques on sun-damaged skin, rough to palpation, typically seen on the face, ears, scalp, neck, and extremeties

A

Actinic keratosis

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16
Q

Key Findings:
Red bite mark in a random distribution or in a 3 cluster pattern, mildly erythematous/puritic, can cause insomnia, anxiety, secondary infections

A

Bed bug bites

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17
Q

Key Findings:
erythema, edema of skin, pain, fever, leukocytosis, mildly elevated ESR, unilateral, indistinct borders

A

Cellulitis

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18
Q

Key Findings:
dry/scaling, pruritic papules/vesicles/bullae with an erythematous base, crusting or oozing present, occurs in areas with the irritant makes contact with the body

A

Contact dermatitis

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19
Q

Key Findings:
pruritis, erythematous lesions, xerosis, lichenifications, excoriation; commonly as scaly plaques of the cheeks, forehead, scalp and upper extremities

A

Eczema

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20
Q

Key Findings:
slow growing, asymptomatic, mobile nodules

A

Epidermoid cysts

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21
Q

Key Findings:
“bulls eye” rash, appears 3-30 days after tick bite, may be mild in color, nonpruritic, nonpainful

A

Erythema migrans (the lyme rash)

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22
Q

Key Findings:
itching/sore papule/pustule rash, commonly seen in areas where razors are used

A

Folliculitis

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23
Q

Key Findings:
rash that runs along a dermatome, can be pustule or scaly depending on phase; prodromal phase: tingling, pruritis, burning, throbbing, stabbing pain; acute phase: fatigue, malaise, headache, low grade fever, rash, eruption of lesions

A

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

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24
Q

Key Findings:
Dark nodular area, can be asymmetric, have border irregularity, color variation, diameter usually larger than 6mm (can be smaller), most commonly on sun-exposed areas of the body

A

Melanoma

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25
Q

Key Findings:
hyperkeratotic papules with rough irregular surface, commonly occur on the hand and knees, size from 1mm-1cm

A

Nongenital warts

26
Q

Key Findings:
slow growing, sun-exposed skin, non-healing sore, waxy papule with central depression, bleed to trauma, crusting, rolled borders, can have translucency

A

Basal cell carcinoma

27
Q

Key Findings:
slow growing, raised, firm skin-colored or pink, hyperkeratotic papule/plaque, normally seen over sun-damaged areas

A

Squamous cell carcinmoa

28
Q

Key Findings:
reddish/pink, well-demarcated macules, papules and plaques with a silvery scale, pinpoint bleeding with removal of the scales (Auspitz sign)

A

Psoriasis

29
Q

Key Findings:
hx of facial flushing; nontransient erythema, telangiectasia, roughness of the skin, comedones absent, neck/upper chest flushing, thickening of the skin of the nose

A

Rosacea

30
Q

Key Findings:
intense pruritic rash that worsens at night, lesions seen in a linear pattern, can resemble pimples, eczema or insect bites

A

Scabies

31
Q

Key Findings:
red, scaly patches with annular borers and a central clearing, can have a burning sensation

A

Tinea corporis

32
Q

Key Findings:
raised wheals that blanch to palpation, appear anywhere on the body, can be pruritic, usually disappear in 24 hours

A

Urticaria (hives)

33
Q

Is imaging a standard of practice for concussions?

A

No, it is not indicated unless there is a worsening of symptoms and concern for a bleed

34
Q

Key Findings:
Incoordination, delayed verbal expression, inability to focus, blank stare/stunned expression, headache, dizziness, N/V, emotionality and memory deficits

A

Concussion (acute mild TBI)

35
Q

Key Findings:
cold intolerance, fatigue, weakness, weight gain, constipation, cognitive dysfunction, bradycardia, diastolic HTN, delayed tendon reflexes, dry/coarse skin, periorbital edema, enlarged tongue, myxedema, heavy menstrual bleeding

A

Hypothyroidism

36
Q

Key Findings:
increased perspiration, heat intolerance, hyperpigmentation, itching, thinning hair, lid lag, proptosis/exophthalmos, tachycardia, systolic HTN, A. Fib, weight loss, goiter, anxiety, ammenorrhea

A

Hyperthyroidism

37
Q

Nourishes the lens and cornea, is rapidly replaced

A

Aqueous humor

38
Q

Fills the cavity of the eye to maintain shape, is not rapidly replaced

A

Vitreous humor

39
Q

What is the normal IOP

A

<21mmHg

40
Q

When should formal visual screenings begin?

A

Between ages 4 and 5 and occur every 2 years there after

41
Q

A cloudy change to the lens of the eye due to a protein buildup

A

Cataracts

42
Q

Key Findings:
reddened sclera, watery drainage, occurring often concomitantly with viral URI

A

Viral conjunctivitis

43
Q

Key Findings:
scleral erythema, lid swelling, purulent eye drainage, crusting/matting especially in the morning, very contagious

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye)

44
Q

Elevated IOP from insufficient aqueous humor drainage accompanied by blurry vision, eye pain, headaches, N/V, light halos, eye redness

A

Glaucoma

45
Q

Age-related degenerative disease of the macula resulting in central vision loss

A

Macular degeneration

46
Q

Key Findings:
floaters, blurry vision, poor night vision, impaired color vision, blank/dark areas in the visual fields

A

Retinopathy

47
Q

Acute pustular infection of the eyelid

A

Sty

48
Q

Misalignment of the eyes due to an imbalance of EOM function causing one eye to fixate

A

Strabismus (lazy eye)

49
Q

Where do most nosebleeds occur from?

A

The anterior septum

50
Q

How many lymph nodes are in the head/neck?

A

Over 300

51
Q

When does hearing loss screenings need to begin according to USPSTF documents?

A

> 50 y/o

52
Q

Key Findings:
otalgia (unilateral), fever, difficulty hearing, bulging erythematous tympanic membrane, can occur concurrently with viral URI, S/S in children can be a tugging at the ear/ear pain

A

Otitis media (ear infection)

53
Q

Ringing in the ear

A

tinnitus

54
Q

Vascular lesion involving the middle ear and petrous bone

A

Glomus tumor

55
Q

Smooth, skin-lined bony lesion in the ear cannal

A

Osteoma

56
Q

Key Findings:
sneezing, post-nasal drip, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, boggy nasal mucosa, posterior pharynx cobblestone

A

Allergic rhinitis

57
Q

Key Findings:
nasal congestion, nasal obstruction, postnasal drip, rhinorrhea, “allergy symptoms”, boggy pale enlarged turbinate, round symmetric pale grape-like masses

A

Nasal polyps

58
Q

Major risk factors of all HEENT cancers are…

A

tobacco use, alcohol use, HPV

59
Q

Mucosal-lined, soft lesions filled with thick fluid accompanied by cough, scratchy throat, halitosis

A

Tonsil cyst

60
Q

Key Findings:
found more often in young children, cause by Coxsackie group A viruses, high fever, headache, anorexia, sore throat, ulcerative lesions of the mouth/throat

A

Herpangina

61
Q

Spots in the eyes are called…

A

scotomas

62
Q

What is the air conduction to bone conduction ratio?

A

2:1

Health Assessment (15 decks)

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