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Health Assessment > Female Reproductive/Lymph > Flashcards

Female Reproductive/Lymph Flashcards

1
Q

These are found in all tissues except the CNS and tissues that do not have blood vessels

A

Lymph nodes

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2
Q

What are the lymphatic organs?

A

Bone marrow, thymus

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3
Q

How many lymph nodes are there in the body?

A

Over 600

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4
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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5
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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6
Q

Your patient comes in with signs of breast development. Approximately how long would you expect it to be until this patient experiences menarche?

A

2 years

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7
Q

What is an age related change in the breast tissue that occurs in woman?

A

The breast size decreases as a woman ages

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8
Q

Why is it easier to palpate masses in breasts of an older woman then breast of a younger woman?

A

The breast size and density decline during aging making masses more prominent and easily palpable

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9
Q

What are the two models to assess risk of breast cancer development in woman with increased breast cancer risk?

A

Claus Model and the BRCAPRO model

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10
Q

How long is the ovarian cycle normally?

A

Approximately 21-28 days

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11
Q

When does the follicular phase begin?

A

The day of menstration

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12
Q

What are the days in the follicular phase?

A

Day 1-14 of the cycle

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13
Q

When is the ovulatory phase?

A

Around day 14

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14
Q

When is the span of the luteal phase?

A

From the day of ovulation until menses again

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15
Q

When do you do a visual inspection of the genitals and breasts in the child?

A

At well visits during the age around puberty development (approx 8y/o)

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16
Q

When is menopause considered “premature”?

A

If if begins prior to 40 years old

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17
Q

What is the GTAPL accroynm?

A

G: gravida (pregnancies)
T: term (babies delivered at term)
P: preterm (premature babies, <35 weeks)
A: abortions (of any kind)
L: living (how many living children the woman has)

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18
Q

What is Goodell’s sign?

A

It is the softening of the cervix that can occur as early as 2 weeks after conception and is a sign of pregnancy

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19
Q

What is Chadwick’s sign?

A

It is the cyanotic appearance of the cervix due to the increased vascularization with pregnancy, it is seen around 6-8 weeks gestation

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20
Q

When do fundal heights begin to be measured?

A

At 20 weeks gestation

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21
Q

Do fundal heights correlate with gestation age?

A

They do until later into the third trimester when baby begins to drop to prepare for birth

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22
Q

Are these exams a diagnostic or screening tool:
-1st trimester screening
-Quad screening
-NIPT testing
-Serum single AFP

A

Screening, non-diagnostic tools

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23
Q

Are these exams a diagnostic or screening tool:
-Aminocentesis
-Chorionic villus sampling

A

Diagnostic tools used in the screening of genetic disorders

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24
Q

How much is the recommended folic acid intake for pregnant or planning to become pregnant woman?

A

0.4-0.8mg folic acid daily

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25
Q

When does screening for gestational diabetes normally occur?

A

24-28 weeks gestation

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26
Q

What is a widely debated obstetric treatment?

A

Labor induction

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27
Q

What is a woman’s lifetime risk of developing breast cancer with no high risk factors?

A

1 in 8

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28
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Erythema, edema, purulent discharge at site of bite/scratch
-fever
-headache
-anorexia
-persistent lymphadenopathy
-Positive B. henselae IFA blood test

A

Cat scratch fever

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29
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
Early stages:
-high risk sexual activity/IV drug use
-flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, myalgias, night sweats, sore throat, generally asymptomatic, high-risk period for transmission
Later stages:
-rapid weight loss, lymphadenopathy, chronic diarrhea, mouth/anus/genital sores, night sweats, opportunistic infections and cancers, memory loss, depression, decreased CD4+ count

A

HIV/AIDS

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30
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-fever, malaise
-enlarged lymph nodes
-abrasions, wounds, coexisting infections
-red streaking extending proximally from a wound/infection toward the regional lymph nodes

A

Lymphangitis

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31
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-unilateral
-lymph node enlargement
-pain/tenderness in lymph nodes
-lymph nodes filled with exudate
-erythema/streaking over lymph nodes
-fever, malaise

A

Lymphadenitis

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32
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-swelling of part or all of arm/leg
-heaviness, fullness, tightness in affected area
-restricted ROM
-aching, tingling, discomfort
-recurring infections
-changes in skin texture/turgor, appearance, etc.
-pitting edema may be present
-swelling does not resolve with diuretics

A

Lymphedema

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33
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-travel to endemic areas
-gross edema of the entire limb with hardening and thickening of the skin
-increased infections in the skin and lymph system
-elevated IgG serum

A

Elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis)

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34
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-family history
-history of EBV
-generalized, painless, lymphadenopathy, fatigue, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, prurititis, chest/ab pain

A

Lymphoma

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35
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-fever
-swelling of ant/post cervical chains
-pharyngitis
-white exudate on posterior pharynx and tonsillar area
-swollen uvula, fatigue, petechiae on hard or soft palate, headache, myalgias, palpebral edema, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, jaundice, elevated LFTs

A

Mono

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36
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, fever, SOB, wheezing, dry cough, persistent regional or generalized lymphadenopathy, painful/tender bumps/ulcers, burning, itching, tearing, erythema, dryness, photophobia, blurred vision

A

Sarcoidosis

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37
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-generally asymptomatic, owning a cat puts you at higher risk
-generalized lymphadenopathy, myalgias, fatigues, positive IFA and IgG/IgM antibodies
-parasites in patient specimens

A

Toxoplasmosis

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38
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-mole/freckle like accessory tissue with or without a nipple with possible tenderness

A

Accessory breast tissue

39
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-single, well-defined mobile ovoid and discrete lump palpable on exam
-mass tender to touch
-possible multiple massess noted

A

Fibroadenoma

40
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Related to hormonal changes
-Palpable, round, tender, mobile, fluid-filled masses

A

Breast cysts

41
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-discrete firm mass on palpation
-speculated mass on mammogram
-prognosis varies on size, histologic grade, hormonal receptor expression, lymph involvement

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

42
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-palpable mass or mammography findings similar to IDC, but more subtle and underestimated
-area of thickening or induration on exam instead of palpable mass
-poorly defined area of asymmetry on mammography

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

43
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-pain bilateral in association with menstrual cycle
-pain is often generalized and described as heaviness or tenderness

A

Cyclic mastalgia

44
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-pain unilateral with most severe pain in the breast/chest area not related to menses

A

Noncyclic mastalgia

45
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Milky, serous, bloody or purulent discharge from one or both breasts
-can have presence or absence of a mass
-related to menses or menopause

A

Nipple discharge

46
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Itching, tingling, or erythema of the nipple or areola
-Thickening, flaking, or crusting of the skin on/around the nipple
-Flat nipple
-Yellowish or bloody nipple discharge
-Breast lump may be present

A

Paget’s disease

47
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-trauma/chaffing of the nipple
-breast engorgement that is prolonged
-smoking, nipple piercings
-warm, tender, erythematous, firm area of the breast
-fever, fatigue, chills, arthalgias, myalgias, malasie, poor appetite
-normally unilateral
-abrupt onset

A

Mastitis

48
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-More often seen in Hispanic or African American women
-PMH of early menarche or early first live birth, obesity
-unilateral presentation of erythema or purplish, edematous, inflamed area of the breast involving 1/3 breast area
-Peau d’orange skin changes
-rapid breast change (<3 mon)
-fullness/heaviness, burning, tenderness, inverted nipple, axillary/supraclavicular lymphadenopathy

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

49
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-asymptomatic in majority of woman
-mid-cycle vaginal bleeding
-vaginal discharge
-dysuria
-PID can develop if untreated

A

Gonorrhea

50
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-asymptomatic in majority of woman
-abnormal vaginal discharge
-easily induced endocervical bleeding
-dysuria, pyuria, frequency
-PID and infertility can occur if untreated
-infection in rectum can result in rectal pain/bleeding/discharge

A

Chlamydia

51
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-asymptomatic in majority of woman
-greenish-yellow, frothy, malodorus vaginal discharge
-dysuria
-irritation and itching of the vulva
-erythematous vulvar tissue and vaginal mucosa
-“strawberry cervix”

A

Trichomonas

52
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
Primary stage:
-Chancre 21 days after exposure, positive nontreponemal test
Secondary stage:
-Palmar rash to hands/feet, fatigue, fever, lymphadenopathy, hair loss, weight loss, myalgias
Will develop a latent phase
Tertiary stage:
-10-30 years after initial infection, can be fatal, organ damage

A

Syphilis

53
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-flat/papular, pedunculated growths on the genital mucosa
-can be a single lesion or multiple with a cauliflower appearance
-rarely painful or pruritic

A

Genital warts

54
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Vesicular lesions on genitals or area that came in contact with infected area, vesicles can pop and ulcerate, has periods of dormancy

A

Herpes

55
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-itching and irritation with visible nits/lice

A

Pubic lice

56
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-asymptomatic or lower abdominal pain/pelvic pain
-vaginal discharge
-fever, pain with intercourse, frequent urination, tenderness with bimanual examination, positive STI cultures

A

PID

57
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-vaginal itching or irritation with white or gray discharge
-strong fishy odor with positive whiff test
-clue cells on microscopy

A

BV

58
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-vulvar itching/irritation
-dysuria, dysparenunia, symptoms worsen in the week prior to menses
-curd-like discharge that adheres to the vaginal walls
-erythematous vagina/vulvar tissue
-blasospores and pseudohyphae on microscopy

A

Candidiasis

59
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-vaginal dryness, burning, irritation
-dyspareunia
-vaginal spotting/bleeding
-dysuria or urgency
-frequent/recurring UTIs

A

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (formerly atrophic vaginitis)

60
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-dysuria, dyspareunia, vulvar itching, postcoital bleeding, irritation to vulvar area, erosion and scarring

A

Lichen planus

61
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-vulvar itching, typically worse at night
-dysuria, pain, urine/stool retention,
-plaques or patches that are ivory in color and waxy in appearance
-fissures, ulcerations, lichenification, scarring, and destruction of normal tissue structures

A

Lichen sclerosus

62
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-irritation, erythema, itching in the skin folds
-typically occurs in axilla, groin folds, inner thighs, abdominal folds

A

Intertrigo

63
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-chronic vulvar itching
-dyspareunia
-burning, tingling, soreness in vulvar region
-change in appearance of affected skin
-slightly raised skin lesions

A

Vulvar cancer

64
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-dyspareunia, dysuria, hematuria, vaginal bleeding, bright red vascular lesion located on the posterior lip of the urinary meatus

A

Urethral caruncle

65
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-painful (infected) or painless (uninfected) cyst
-discomfort while walking
-dyspareunia, fever, swelling of lump at the introitus

A

Bartholian gland cyst

66
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-low-back discomfort
-pelvic pressure
-vaginal bleeding or discharge
-bulging in the vulvar area

A

Pelvic organ prolapse

67
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-History of HSIL
-watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy or malodorous
-unusual vaginal bleeding
-pelvic pain
-dyspareunia
-cervix appearance with gross erosion, ulcer or massq

A

Cervical cancer

68
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-unilateral, acute, pelvic pain
-irregular menstrual periods
-bloating
-can have palpable cysts

A

Ovarian cysts

69
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-vaginal bleeding
-increasing unilateral pelvic pain
-altered menstrual cycle
-positive pregnancy test
-palpable adnexal mass on bimanual exam

A

Ectopic pregnancy

70
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-nonspecific symptoms
-abdominal pain and bloating, increased abdominal size, urinary symptoms, constipation, early satiety or difficulty eating

A

Ovarian cancer

71
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-heavy menstrual bleeding
-pelvic pain
-dyspareunia
-bladder dysfunction
-lump or mass on abdominal exam
-enlarged uterus in a non-pregnant woman

A

Uterine fibroid

72
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-variable presentation
-irregular menstrual cycles
-infertility
-hyperandrogegism
-polycystic ovaries on US

A

PCOS

73
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-hot flashes
-night sweats
-severe sweating
-flushing
-chills

A

VMS (hot flashes)

74
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-dysuria, hematuria, increased frequency or urgency, incomplete bladder emptying
-flank/suprapubic pain
-uterine contractions/cramping
-fever
-pyuria, positive nitrates, hematuria on UA

A

acute cystitis UTI

75
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-high level bacterial growth on UC in asymptomatic female

A

asymptomatic bacteruira

76
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-fatigue, weakness, SOB, leg cramps, cold intolerance, headache, iron deficient diet, pagophagia or PICA, GI issues, Hx of closely spaced pregnancies, pallor, tachycardia, decreased H/H or ferritin levels

A

Anemia in pregnancy

77
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-hard stools, difficult/painful BMs, straining with BM, infrequent BM

A

Constipation in pregnancy

78
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-light spotting/vaginal bleeding
-recent intercourse
-presence of fetal heartbeat at 12 weeks

A

Benign 1st trimester bleeding

79
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Hx ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, PID, endometrosis, presence of IUD
-varying amounts of vaginal bleeding
-passing tissue and/or large clots from vagina
-abdominal cramping, back pain, lightheadedness, absence of fetal heartbeat at 12 weeks

A

Miscarriage

80
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Hx of CKD or diabetes, multiple pregnancies, AA descent
-Elevated BP
-headache, edema, N/V, can develop preeclampsia

A

Gestational HTN

81
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-proteinuria
-elevated BP
-thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired LFTs, new-onset headache unresponsive to medications, severe persistenet RUQ or epigastric pain, pulm edema

A

Preeclampsia

82
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-Seizures, coma, expiry

A

Eclampsia

83
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-severe nausea with food aversions, dizziness, lightheadedness, persistent vomitting, dehydration, weight loss, abnormal electrolytes, thyroid function, liver function
-increased risk with having multiples or previous history

A

Hyperemesis gravida

84
Q

Key Findings/Physical Exam:
-pruritic lesions
-lesions started in striae, no lesions in periumbilical area
-scattered erythematous papules

A

Pruritic urticarial papules or plaques or pregnancy

85
Q

Which race or ethnicity has an increased risk for breast cancer diagnosis at a younger age and with more advanced disease?

A

African American

86
Q

It is generally recommended that beyond mammogram screening, clinicians routinely endorse which strategies early detection of breast malignancy in asymptomatic women at average risk for breast cancer?

A

Education to support breast health assessment

87
Q

A contributing factor to the development of mastitis in a woman is:

A

Breastfeeding

88
Q

Which physical finding can help distinguish inflammatory breast cancer from mastitis?

A

Presence of erythema

89
Q

Rudimentary breast components and several lobes

A

Prepubertal breast

90
Q

Mammary gland, lactation lobules and ducts, tail of Spence, Cooper suspensory ligaments, areola, and nipple

A

Mature female breast

91
Q

Synergistic effects on estrogen and progesterone for ducutlar-lobular-alveolar maturation are associated with the life-span differences of:

A

Adolescense

92
Q

Significant ductular, lobular, and alveolar growth in breast due to estrogen, progesterone, and placental hormonal secretion are associated with the life-span differences of:

A

Pregnancy

93
Q

Decline in production of estrogren and progesterone and reduction in breast density are associated with the life-span differences of:

A

Menopause

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