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NRS 410. Series > HEENT > Flashcards

HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory nerve

sensory: smell

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve

Sensory: eye

visual acuity, visual fields

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3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

Motor: all eye muscles except those supplied by IV (trochlear) and VI (abducens)

Levator palpebrae superiorsis

intraocular muscles: sphincter pupillae and cilliary muscle

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

Motor: superior oblique muscle (look down and inward)

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal Nerve

Sensory: face, sinuses, teeth, etc (3 branches of innervation)

CN V2: sensation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

Motor: muscles of mastication

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducents

motor: external rectus muscle

look to the side

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial

Motor: muscles of the face

smile, puff cheeks, raise eyebrows, scrunch eyes and keep them closed

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

sensory: inner ear

hearing/balance

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9
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

motor: pharyngeal musculature
sensory: posterior part of tongue, tonsil, pharynx

soft palate rises with “ah”

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

Motor: heart, lungs, bronchi, GI tract

Sensory: heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GI tract, external ear

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11
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

motor: muscles of the tongue

tongue protrusion and tongue side to side

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12
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory

motor: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

turning head, shrugging shoulders

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13
Q

What ligament changes the shape of the lens?

A
  • the suspensory ligament
  • when the ciliary muscle relaxes, the suspensory ligament tightens and flattens the lens →distance vision
  • when the ciliary muscle constricts, the suspensory ligament loosens and the lens bulges → close vision
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14
Q

What would lead to loss of consensual pupillary light reflex?

A

CN III: oculomotor

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15
Q

RED Flag symptoms for the eye

A
  • moderate to severe eye pain
  • photophobia
  • visual disturbances
  • red eye - especially if associated with pain or visual changes
  • trauma
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16
Q

What lesion would lead to loss of direct pupillary light reflex?

A

CN II lesion

17
Q

miosis

A

pupillary constriction

18
Q

mydriasis

A

pupillary dilation

19
Q

accommodation

A

the process of maintaining a clear visual image when the gaze is shifted from a near object to a different one and back

20
Q

convergence

A

turn both eyes inward toward the nose to ensure that only a single image of close object is seen

21
Q

cover uncover test tests for what

A

strabismus

22
Q

Esotropia

A

eye turns inward

23
Q

Hypertropia

A

eye turns upward

24
Q

Hypotropia

A

eye turns downward

25
Q

Exotropia

A

eye turns outward

26
Q

Muscles of the eye

A
27
Q

Muscle testing of the eye

A

Lateral rectus: controlled by abducens CN VI

Superior oblique: controlled by cranial nerve IV: trochlear nerve

LR6SO4

all other eye movements: controll by CN III: oculomotor

28
Q

Anatomy of the retina

A

see attached photo

29
Q

Anatomy of the TM

A

see attached image

30
Q

Weber Test

A

Do this after pt fails the whisper test: testing CN VIII: vestibulocochlear

hold the tuning fork to the top of the pts head:

LATERALIZATION

  • conductive hearing loss:
    • sound lateralizes to bad ear
  • sensorineural hearing loss:
    • sound lateralies to good ear
31
Q

Rinne Test

A

Do this after pt fails the whisper test: CN VIII: vestibulocochlear

hold tuning fork behind pts ear on mastoid process

CONDUCTION

  • conductive hearing loss:
    • BC=AC or BC > AC
  • sensorineural hearing loss:
    • AC > BC
  • Normal:
    • AC>BC
32
Q

Which sinuses are present at birth:

A
  • maxillary (first seen in radiology at 4-5 months) and ethmoid sinus (first seen in radiology at 1 year
  • sphenoid not present until 4 years
  • frontal sinus not present until 6 years

Reaches adult size by teenage years

33
Q

What do turbinates look like when there are allergies:

A

boggy, pale pink or bluish gray

34
Q

anatomy of the face and neck

A

answers:

35
Q

OS, OD, OU

A
  • OS: oculus sinister
  • OD: oculus dextrus
  • OU: both eyes

NRS 410. Series (18 decks)

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