HEENT Flashcards
CN I
Olfactory nerve
sensory: smell
CN II
Optic Nerve
Sensory: eye
visual acuity, visual fields
CN III
Oculomotor
Motor: all eye muscles except those supplied by IV (trochlear) and VI (abducens)
Levator palpebrae superiorsis
intraocular muscles: sphincter pupillae and cilliary muscle
CN IV
Trochlear
Motor: superior oblique muscle (look down and inward)
CN V
Trigeminal Nerve
Sensory: face, sinuses, teeth, etc (3 branches of innervation)
CN V2: sensation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Motor: muscles of mastication
CN VI
Abducents
motor: external rectus muscle
look to the side
CN VII
Facial
Motor: muscles of the face
smile, puff cheeks, raise eyebrows, scrunch eyes and keep them closed
CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
sensory: inner ear
hearing/balance
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
motor: pharyngeal musculature
sensory: posterior part of tongue, tonsil, pharynx
soft palate rises with “ah”
CN X
Vagus
Motor: heart, lungs, bronchi, GI tract
Sensory: heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GI tract, external ear
CN XII
Hypoglossal
motor: muscles of the tongue
tongue protrusion and tongue side to side
CN XI
Accessory
motor: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
turning head, shrugging shoulders
What ligament changes the shape of the lens?
- the suspensory ligament
- when the ciliary muscle relaxes, the suspensory ligament tightens and flattens the lens →distance vision
- when the ciliary muscle constricts, the suspensory ligament loosens and the lens bulges → close vision
What would lead to loss of consensual pupillary light reflex?
CN III: oculomotor
RED Flag symptoms for the eye
- moderate to severe eye pain
- photophobia
- visual disturbances
- red eye - especially if associated with pain or visual changes
- trauma
What lesion would lead to loss of direct pupillary light reflex?
CN II lesion
miosis
pupillary constriction
mydriasis
pupillary dilation
accommodation
the process of maintaining a clear visual image when the gaze is shifted from a near object to a different one and back
convergence
turn both eyes inward toward the nose to ensure that only a single image of close object is seen
cover uncover test tests for what
strabismus
Esotropia
eye turns inward
Hypertropia
eye turns upward
Hypotropia
eye turns downward
Exotropia
eye turns outward
Muscles of the eye
Muscle testing of the eye
Lateral rectus: controlled by abducens CN VI
Superior oblique: controlled by cranial nerve IV: trochlear nerve
LR6SO4
all other eye movements: controll by CN III: oculomotor
Anatomy of the retina
see attached photo
Anatomy of the TM
see attached image
Weber Test
Do this after pt fails the whisper test: testing CN VIII: vestibulocochlear
hold the tuning fork to the top of the pts head:
LATERALIZATION
- conductive hearing loss:
- sound lateralizes to bad ear
- sensorineural hearing loss:
- sound lateralies to good ear
Rinne Test
Do this after pt fails the whisper test: CN VIII: vestibulocochlear
hold tuning fork behind pts ear on mastoid process
CONDUCTION
- conductive hearing loss:
- BC=AC or BC > AC
- sensorineural hearing loss:
- AC > BC
- Normal:
- AC>BC
Which sinuses are present at birth:
- maxillary (first seen in radiology at 4-5 months) and ethmoid sinus (first seen in radiology at 1 year
- sphenoid not present until 4 years
- frontal sinus not present until 6 years
Reaches adult size by teenage years
What do turbinates look like when there are allergies:
boggy, pale pink or bluish gray
anatomy of the face and neck
answers:
OS, OD, OU
- OS: oculus sinister
- OD: oculus dextrus
- OU: both eyes
