Heating and Cooling Flashcards
Energy
The capacity/power for doing work. It exists in a variety of forms: heat, light, sound, electrical, kinetic, elastic, gravitational potential, nuclear and chemical.
Radiation
An energy given off by matter in the form of rays or high-speed particles
Conduction
Energy transfer by heating through a material due to collisions between particles (when the particles are radiated they vibrate faster and become less dense/uniformed with this thermal energy, passing it inti the next particle until all the particles are vibrating and all the particles are hot). The faster they vibrate, the hotter the object is.
Conductor
A material or object that permits an electrical current to flow easily, e.g. copper wire, silver. Metals are good conductors.
Convection
A process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid e.g. radiator.
Heat
A form of thermal energy measured in joules (J).
Absorber
Absorbers of radiation. E.g. Matt, black surfaces are good absorbers of radiation but shiny, light surfaces are poor.
Emitter
Emitters of radiation, if the material is a good absorber, they are a good emitter and vice versa. E.g. Matt, black materials are good emitters of radiation, but shiny, light materials are not.
Reflector
Reflectors of radiation. E.g. Matt, black surfaces are poor reflectors of radiation but shiny, light surfaces are good reflectors.
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is, measured in degrees celcius. It also measures how fast the molecules are moving (how much kinetic energy they have).
Thermometre
To measure the temperature of an object
Insulator
A non/poor conductor of electricity or heat e.g. plastic, styrofoam
Thermal energy store
There is more energy in the thermal energy store if the substance is hotter
Thermal equilibrium
When objects are at the same temperature
Convection current
If you place a glass of water on hot sand, the bottom of the water will be hot and rise to the top so the cool liquid sinks to the bottom where it also gets hot. This creates something called a convection current until all the liquid is at the same temperature.
